Korea and Germany were split between US and Russia - Why did this not happen to Japan?

While researching the Royal Arms of England, I have read that Edward III of England placed the fleur-de-lis in the 1st and 4th quarters as France was "superior in feudal standing" to England, and thus its symbol was higher placed than the English three lions. Where did other major polities in this period rank? I assume the Holy Roman Empire was first, being an empire, but what about the Kingdoms of Castile, Portugal, Italy, Germany, Poland, Lithuania, Hungary etc? How commonly agreed was the list and what determined it? If it changed over time, I am most interested in the Hundred Years' War era.

I am attempting to locate information regarding non-business, casual correspondence, and every-day writing styles. The sort of writing that would have been used for today's Post-It notes, grocery lists, and short letters to a close acquaintance.

So far popular hand progression is along the lines of: Spencarian(~1850-1925), Palmer method(~1894-1950), Zaner-Bloser(~1904-), Round Hand (England c. 17thC), Secretary (~1500-1600), Copperplate/English round(~1500-1800s), then D'Nealian cursive(~1978-).

I cannot find any record or mention of say, how to print legibly when writing home to your parents. I also have a hard time believing that someone would write a grocery list in Spencarian script.

What I am trying to find is what did the common person use to communicate while the upper society was using those calligraphic hands? In what hand did people write quick notes to themselves when style wasn't such a matter?

I am focusing on dates which are just before, and following, the distribution of the printed page, since literacy would no longer be reserved for royalty, and secular, persons. Any information between the years 1400 - 1900 would be helpful.

Thanks!

(*This had been previously submitted to /r/calligraphy with recommendations to submit here.)

[Edit1: I received a PM which pointed me towards: "The Universal Penman". c1743. George Bickham. Which looks fantastic for the mid 1700s reference!)

Could anyone point me in the direction of any published material that looks at memoirs of pied-noirs and/or Harkis that left or even remained in Algeria post-1962? Similarly, if anyone could point me in the direction of any high profile cases of French and/or Algerian naturalisation? Any response will be greatly appreciated. Thank you!

I have an assignment in my Black History class to do a presentation, the subject of which is Aristotle. We haven't talked about Aristotle in class, or even his time in history, so I'm trying to figure out what angle to come at this from.

I do not mean to ask to have my research don for me, I just want to understand how I might approach Aristotle from a Black History perspective.

Was Aristotle black?

Is he the proponent of slavery that he seems to be?

Am I missing something?

Thanks in advance for any direction you can provide!

I can only find the Ottoman Empire being a trade partner of Venice to be an influential event.. Are there more events? Thanks in advantage

I know this subreddit is for detailed, in depth answers. This should be good. If I need to narrow it down, I would use the tlingit as the example.

And has it ever been done where the victors were so out numbered? i.e. Hannibal: ~25K, Rome: ~90K. Losses on the Roman side were ~70K.

Do we also have examples of racist propaganda aimed against him or was his colour of skin not seen as such a big deal as it would have been in, say, mid 19th century America? Was the French population and French soldiers accepting of having a black general or are there examples of soldiers or officers refusing to serve under him?

Sorry in advance if my question has numerous historical errors in it. I'm really not familiar with this period of history and would like to learn more. Also this is my first post, so I apologize if I say or do anything wrong.

What was western Europe's general perception of the eastern empire after the fall of the west? Were they glad to be rid of them? Did they feel abandoned? This goes for both people who would have been considered roman citizens immediately after the fall and the feudal states that would soon develop. Other than the ruins left behind, were people even aware Rome existed in a few generations? If so, did they see roman times as "The good old days" or as a weak, broken state they were glad to be rid of? Were they aware of its eastern continuation?

And what was Byzantium's view of the west? Were they happy to not have to deal with it anymore? Preferring their eastern territory and greek culture over the ways of the old western rome? Did they view them as territories that were rightly theirs and would eventually return to the fold? Were there any attempts to retake the old empire and how did the locals feel about it? Thanks in advance for the answers!

I have searched the commonly asked questions and there doesn't appear to be anything on this particular issue.

In summary, what I'm asking:

• What do modern historians think about the claims that Jesus was fathered by a Roman legionary with some variation on the name 'Pantera'?
• What's the source of these claims? I've heard James Tabor cited Celsus, but I don't know anything about either. Are there any other sources? Are there any problems with the sources for this claim?
• If Pantera wasn't the father, are there any other hypotheses on who was?

Update: Please do not comment. I have moved the post to the correct sub.

Let us consider a scenario where Hitler did not invade Poland and did not kill the Jews, instead focused on building army, technological advancements, roads, industries and created jobs for everyone. Basically equal opportunity regardless of race/religion. No alliance with Japan either.

In such a scenario USSR, US, UK, Germany and Japan would've always stayed in a state of cold-war, one waiting for the other to make a mistake. Do you think things would've been different ? Or we would've had WW2 no matter what.

Asked this question of /r/AskHistorians and I was redirected here.