I think we might not have enough for a definite answer? I tried to keep the question a little more openended, but specifically I'm most interested in the late stages before the colonies died out. Thanks!

I read an article recently about a WWII-era tank discovered after someone dug quite far down into the earth, but what I can’t understand is where does all the earth come from the cover these artefacts? If anything I’d have thought that general erosion from wind and precipitation would expose items, not cover them.

I’m reading a lot of Middle English romances right now, and there are multiple references to Muslims (Saracens) worshipping idols and multiple pagan gods.

For example, King of Tars (c. 1330 CE), ll. 496-500 “Sche kist Mahoun [Mohammed] and Apolin [Apollo], / Astirot [Astarthe?] and Sir Jovin [Jove] /.../ ...sche was in the temple / Of Ternagent [similar to Allah] and Jubiter [Jupiter].”

Was this belief widespread and was it genuinely held by the educated, or is it a type of anti-Muslim propaganda?

Arthur Schopenhauer writes in his magnus opus "The world as will and representation" the following:

"The process by which children, and persons born blind who have been operated upon, learn to see..."

Was it possible circa 1818 to operate and cure children born blind? Has this procedure of "learning to see" been documented? Was it consistently successful?

as we know in the case of entire civilian populations like the Jews and to some extent the Roma (later on), selection for able-bodied workers took place at places like Auschwitz with those too old, young or sick for labor were gassed, or before deportation when killing was done by shooting or at dedicated extermination camps. The non-Jewish prisoners were a more select group. I can imagine people like captured resistance fighters would be around fighting age and could be sent to a labor camp. But political prisoners or other target groups could be older or infirm, etc. What was done with them? Were there regular concentration camps or sections of labor-concentration camps to keep prisoners such as this? Or were they sent to regular jails? Or simply shot?

And on that note, in the case of the "common criminal" category of inmate I could imagine those fit for labor being picked out of local jails, but what was the ultimate fate of common criminals already in jail or imprisoned by local police later, namely in the occupied countries of eastern europe and non-vichy France and perhaps others that weren't run by an allied regime and under direct German administration?

What Calendar did Muslim farmers use for agrarian purposes? Was this an issue that was discussed among muslim majority societies? If a muslim area did adopt a solar calendar would this have been controversial?

I was just listening to the Beatles song 'Taxman', which George Harrison wrote to reflect the band's discontent with the high taxes they were paying. The song references the leaders of the two main UK political parties, Harold Wilson and Edward Heath of the Labour and Conservative Party respectively. But here is where I am confused. I assumed it was only the Labour Party who were championing high taxes at the time to fund the Welfare State model they started after WW2 and the Conservatives were not so heavy on high taxes but yet, Edward Heath's name is also referenced as part of the fictional 'Taxman' in the song?

So, why does the song reference both politicians if only one of them (Wilson) was responsible for the high taxes the Beatles were paying in the 1960s ?

In the LDS church, there's a dietary guide called the word of wisdom that describes "mild drinks...made of barley". Is there any drink besides beer that would have been around during the 1830's in America, more specifically near Nauvoo, Illinois?

I'm studying history at university. I'm a student and I can't understand anything about these centuries. I read books even good ones for me but I don't know why it's so boring and can't remember anything. Not only Ottoman or Europe history or other ones. If there is someone like me and help me about this I'll be thankful. Thank you

I apologize in advance if this question breaks subreddit rules or should be on another subreddit.

Ever since I was little, I loved History. I always wanted to do something in the field. However, in my final years of High school, I am realizing that this may not be a viable career option for me. I do not wish to offend anyone, even though I am as I'm basically saying "I don't wanna be like you guys". I feel that majoring in History in college would limit what careers I can do in the future. I really want to pursue it, but I need to be realistic, and bills don't pay themselves.

Any advice? And yes, I know this isn't a question on a topic about History. Sorry.

In retrospect, this seems like it may have been a better idea than creating Israel in Palestine. Was this idea ever considered? Obviously the Zionist movement wanted a state in the Holy Land, but I wonder if a state in Europe would have satisfied a large portion of European Jews. Given how prevalent anti-semitism was in Europe at the time, I imagine there was some NIMBY sentiments among the victorious powers.

There was an era of celebrity-physicists, including names such as Einstein, Feynman, Schrodinger, Oppenheimer, etc. in the first half of the 20th century - I'm willing to bet that if you're not a physicist, you'll likely recognize most of those names. On the other hand, the prominent mathematicians of that era, or biologists of that era, etc. did not achieve the same celebrity status. Stephen Hawking was something of an anachronism in his lifetime, of a prominent physicist who was also a celebrity, and there hasn't been a figure with the same level of prestige since then.

What was it that allowed early 20th century physicists to become celebritized? Why did this trend seemingly go away?

In Episode 1 Season 2 of the HBO series Rome, a Jewish mercenary makes clear to Mark Antony that he expects payment for the job he is being asked to do. Mark Antony snidely replies that he would never expect a Jew to do something without compensation.

Is this accurate? Are stereotypes about Jewish greed as old as the Roman republic? I thought they stemmed from Jews being pigeonholed into money-handling jobs in Europe and the Middle East during the Middle Ages. Did they hold similar positions in Ancient Rome?

Hello,

I'm looking for books on a specific subject that I can't seem to find in the booklist. I could be looking in the wrong place.

Does anyone have any recommendations for books and/or articles on Japanese pirates/Wako? I cursory search via amazon reveals a few, but I'm not sure which are considered good by the standards of historians.

I don't have any specific questions related to them. I'm interested in pirates as a whole, but other pirate books almost never talk about the wako.

I'd prefer books or articles in english, if any exist.

Thank you ahead of time for any help anyone can provide.

The better known philosopher after the Ancient times is probably Mao Zedong in mid 20th century. If it is just my ignorance, let me know either and I am sorry if that's the case.

It’s up there with the invention of the wheel, the fall of the Roman Republic, the birth of Christ, and the creation of laws. It completely changed almost everything in almost every sense, and very rapidly.

I’m not sure if it’s this way in European schools, but in American ones, the First World War is functionally taught in passing, or almost ignored altogether, despite it being the set of events that almost singlehandedly changed the perception of the USA from a minor power to a major one on the world stage.

I apologize if this question would be better suited to another subreddit, but I really wasn’t sure which one to ask. My girlfriend’s sister is doing a project on it for school, where she is supposed to do her own research on the topic and give a presentation. She asked me to help her with it, knowing that it’s sort of my area of historical expertise, and I was stunned when she told me that has never learned about it and doesn’t even know what countries fought in it, or why, and maybe the Nazis had something to do with it. My own father told me that he was under the impression we simply “fought Hitler the first time.”

Is it the brutality of the combat that makes it a difficulty to teach to children? The potential to germinate thoughts that go against the America-good-guy-world-police narrative like “if the ‘bad guys’ had won,(and they almost did) the world might be a better place because there would be no Nazis and no Holocaust, and no Soviet Union and no Cold War, and therefore my country is not infallible”? Or is the complex geopolitical scenario at that time simply too difficult or boring to teach to kids?

I’d like thoughts from any educators that might be out there if possible as well. This is so disheartening to me. We’re talking about the birth of the modern world, a complete revolution in technology, politics, science, philosophy, medicine, the complete and utter destruction of the old order of things. Our reality hangs on a single bullet fired by the son of a mailman in a tiny European minor most people couldn’t find on a map, and 99.9% of Americans don’t know that these events even happened and if they have some idea, they don’t know why, or to who. Can anyone shed light on this for me?

Especially in an era of slow communication, these corporations would have been existing in a "bigger" world. what was it like to be an employee of one of these? What sense of the scope of the operation would you have? How much of it would you expect to see over the course of your career? What were some of the jobs you could have?

I imagine that it was very controversial in the South, but how did Lincoln supporters and other Northerners react to his decision to revoke habeas corpus?