How was it determined which soldiers would go up front (closest to the landing ramp) and which would go in the middle and the back?

I'm doing research about a chemical (prussian blue) and found out that it was apparently used to stain clothes, including uniforms of prussian soldiers. Now, prussian blue doesn't do so well when it comes into contact with soap (or bases in general). It will break apart and turn into what is essentially rust.

Are there any records of prussian soldiers having bleak uniforms after some time on the front or not wanting to wash them? I remember reading a sentence or two about it and one of my supervisors mentioned this when we talked. Is it true?

In general, what did the Founding Fathers think of Islam? Did they see it in an approving, neutral, or disapproving way? Also Interested in if they ever thought Islam might come to the United States.

Basically what the title says. I know the consensus is he either didn't exist or it's an amalgamate of multiple characters and folk history. Is there any historian who defends his existence? Mostly because I like to hear the "other side" to see what they have to tell.

The perception of course is of a conservative, Islamic culture in Egypt, and one which prior to the war my impression would be of a fairly small European presence. I'm sure that there was always a sex trade present in the population centers such as Cairo which catered to the European population (and the locals), but with thousands upon thousands arriving during the war period, and mostly young men at that, I would expect that there would be a growing demand, and in turn a growth in the sex trade itself.

So what did it look like? How was the trade regulated there? What forms did it take? To what degree was it controlled by coercive forced? How was it generally viewed and accepted within Egyptian society? And what was the position of military authorities on it?

6 1940s 43 Egypt 7 Sexual Practices

I'm reading through the Bible and am at the Book of Joshua, as the israelites begin to march around Jericho, and I began to wonder what warfare would have been like at that time.

This isn't asking about the historicity of the Bibles stories but rather what would have war been like at the time these stories are supposed to take place. What weapons did they use? What armor? How were battles fought? How were wars won?

Thank you for your time answers.

Hello

I recently got Ian Toll's trilogy about the Pacific Theater of World War II, and saw that during Japan's War with Russia, the Japanese military was praised for its treatment of prisoners of war. Prisoners were properly fed and given reading material, very few died, and those that did were buried with military honors.

This was striking to me because it is in stark contrast to how Japan treated prisoners of war in the Second World War. Beatings, slave labor, starvation, murder, etc are all details I've heard about those who surrendered to the IJA or IJN.

What prompted this drastic change in the treatment of PoWs?

Since Egypt was very diverse for it's time and also being close to sub sahara africa where most black people originate from im wondering if there africans(black africans) that were ever present in egypt at some point

Is Royal Prussia territorially synonymous with Pomerelia?

Hi,

This question has been on my mind for some time, but I struggle to find sources that detail with Jainism through a comparative approach or speak of its development (Maybe I'm not searching with the correct keywords.) Is Jainism a development from within Hinduism? Does its mythology share genetic (in the linguistic sense) affinity with Indo-European myths? Is it a "reform" movement? Or is Jainism a sort of pre-Indo-European tradition that was influenced and influenced hinduism during its development, especially in southern parts of India? The older sources I find do mention Jainism as rooted in pre-aryan traditions, but I can't find anything newer that talks about this. I'd also appreciate sources if it takes too long to write a response.

When did April 21 become commonly thought of as the founding date for the city?

I noted that today, 21 April, is the traditionally accepted anniversary of the founding of Rome, according to the Romulus and Remus legend. The year given was 753 BCE...

Understanding that the foundation myth is just that, what would an ancient Roman say the year to be if I asked him for the date just a few years after 21 April, 753 BCE? And what about just before and after Ceasar's switch to the Julian calendar?

Same question goes for Greece. If we know that the Battle of Thermopylae took place in 480 BCE, what date would Leonidas have given for the current year if we had the opportunity to ask him just before he made his final stand?

Not exactly the most intellectual question

Hi

I'm currently writing my undergrad dissertation, which touches on morality and politics in the Early American Republic, and I would appreciate the advice of any historians of slavery, as well as black historians in general. (For context I'm a white guy from Scotland and due to the unfortunate state of diversity in History academia, particularly in Britain, I've never been taught by a Black lecturer.)

In one section I discuss briefly (we're talking a couple paragraphs) the relationship between Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings.

Recently there has been a shift towards language such as 'enslaved people/individuals' rather than 'slave'. I obviously support this, particularly in the world of academic history. However, it means I'm unsure how to refer to Hemings in a way that is both appropriate/respectful and that refers to the reality of the legal relationship.

Would something like, for example: "Jefferson had been in a relationship with the enslaved woman Sally Hemings" work, or would "a relationship with his enslaved woman" be more accurate?

I'm also open to suggestions for other terminology to use in place of 'relationship' considering the situation is extremely open to debate in history circles.

Thanks in advance for any advice!

After the Sino-Soviet split following Khrushchev's rise to power China can be seen both supporting movements that the Soviet Union also supported, as in Vietnam and the Arabian Peninsula , and opposing Soviet influence in Africa and Asia, as in Angola, Ethiopia, Eriteria and the Congo (Zaire). China has often supported groups with an anti-communist ideaology, despite itself being a communist country. It is my understanding that the Sino-Soviet split was principally caused by unreconcilable difference in opinion in what the east's relationship to the west should be and not over what the role of the proletariat in the third world should be. Why then did the PRC and the SU so often work against each others interests in the third world and how damaging was this rivalry to communist movements globally?

I want to do some reading regarding the origins of the Palestinian refugee crisis, specifically to determine how much of it stemmed from expulsions/violence on the part of the nascent Israeli state. I've heard a bunch of people refer to Benny Morris as the definitive source on the matter, though I've found some statements from him which I think are indicative of some pretty profound political bias on his part. Specifically, I was disturbed by this quote from a 2004 Ha'aretz interview: "There are circumstances in history that justify ethnic cleansing. I know that this term is completely negative in the discourse of the 21st century, but when the choice is between ethnic cleansing and genocide—the annihilation of your people—I prefer ethnic cleansing". There's also a quote I found where he expressed regret that Ben Gurion had not fully expelled the Palestinian community: "In the end, he faltered. ... If he had carried out a full expulsion—rather than a partial one—he would have stabilized the State of Israel for generations".

To be frank, I think these sorts of sentiments are pretty disgusting. My question is whether or not his historical work is largely divorced from these biases.

I want to know more about the XIV century plague in the Islamic world, especially in Egypt, modern day Syria and Iraq, and the Persian Ilkhanate. In the popular imaginary, only Western Europe was hit by the Black death, and there are tons of books on the subject. It's more difficult to find information about the plague in the above mentioned territories. I'm not able to find any book except that of Michael Dols, but it costs 150 bucks.

So any info you can give me on the subject would be really appreciated. Feel free to answer about only one of the territories I'm interested in, I understand the entire Middle east plus Persia is a too broad territory. Any reading suggestion, except Dols, would be very welcome. Thanks in advance.

Kaiser Wilhelm died in Nazi occupied Holland in 1941. How was he treated by the Nazis? Was he viewed as a symbol of Germany’s former glory, or was he blamed for losing WWI? Did Wilhelm ever publicly comment on the Nazi rise to power?

I am writing a paper on Marcus Aurelius and stoicism, and how these values and virtues were reflected in the Roman ideals at the time of the 2nd century. I'm well read on stoicism and the influences on Marcus's personal philosophy, but I'm not well read of whether these virtues were reflected by the people of Rome. I’m here to ask for some sources and resources to read about this topic, specifically those that will give insight into Roman values during the 2nd century.

Most of Utah doesn't follow the classic 123 Fake Street address format, but instead does 1234 N 5678 W format. My understanding is that it it's relation to the LDS Temple in Salt Lake City, and then in relation to Salt Lake City itself, but how did this come to be so standardized?

Was watching Seige of Jadotville again and I got curious. Who was the Frenchman on the phone sending former Legionaries to Africa?

So I've read Battle Cry of Freedom multiple times and I love it. I can absolutely see why it's universally regarded as probably the best single volume history of the Civil War.

While reading it again recently, I realized that as much as I love it, I want to know more details about the military battles and campaigns than McPherson gives (just because that's not his goal with the book). So what I'm looking for is something in between the pretty general descriptions of the battles and campaigns seen in BCoF and the very specific and detailed descriptions you get in volumes covering a specific battle/campaign, if that makes sense. Does something like that exist?

One more point, I've heard Foote's trilogy might scratch this particular knowlege itch but I've also heard his southern sympathies can be distracting. I grew up in the South and I absolutely despise the lost cause BS so prevalent down there, probably more than most. If it's anything more than an eye rolling sentence here and there, I worry I might get too frustrated and never finish the volumes. So how bad are the lost cause and southern sympathies in this trilogy? Is it worth it for what I'm looking for?

Thank you for any suggestions!