For the second question, I do mean more generally, even though all my examples were of English/British Conflicts.

Why do some people call it the War of Northern Aggression and why do most people believe the war was only over slavery. I realize that was a large part but it also had to do with federalism and the balance of power between the federal and state governments, did it not?

My understanding is that both classical and medieval Europe considered women to have stronger sex drives than men. The opposite is considered true now. When did that change? What was involved in making that change?

English is the lingua franca of today's world. A lot of non-native speakers (inc. myself) write scientific, technical, political etc texts in English. Some of those texts have plenty of mistakes, or even if the text is grammatically correct, it often looks unnatural and hard to read. This is despite the abundance of live content in English, from which we can learn.

Greek was the lingua franca of the antiquity, even a lot of Romans wrote in Greek which wasn't their native language. In Medieval Europe, most books and chronicles were written in Latin, which was nobody's native language. From what I know, language learning back then was also not very advanced and consisted mostly of reading the Bible and religious texts.

So my question is: how did all those monks, chroniclers and other authors manage to write in good Latin? Or they did not, and some medieval texts are full of mistakes and weird language?

So lately I am reading a lot about the interactions between Europe and the Barbary States (as well as the Ottoman Empire) in the 17th century. I came across many contemporary sources that mention people from "all Christian Nations" or converts and renegades working for/with the Barbary States or the Ottomans (for example as gunners in the Turkish fleet).

My question about this is: In such a diverse mix of people and nationalities, how did the communication between each other work? In which language did a corsair or seaman of English, Dutch or any other European origin speak with his North African or Ottoman shipmates, employers or trading partners? How did this work in everyday practice in a time when the majority of people didn't had the privilege of an education and learning other languages?

My dad served on an oiler (USS Wabash) 44-46. After Japan surrendered he was assigned to a task force to clear mines off the coast of China. Was an oiler big enough to hold enough fuel so that it just stuck with the other ships and filled them as needed? Or was it constantly traveling back to port to refill it's tanks and rejoin the task force?

Why wasn't it just called "Islam" at that time? Did the word "Islam" only appear recently in the western world?

I would really like to know how it got the name "Mohammedanism" and why they didn't just refer to it as "Islam" back then.

I’ve just watched a documentary which claimed that the Norwegian operatives who destroyed the heavy water plant at Telemark was ‘arguably the most important mission of SOE.’ As far as I know that’s absolutely not the case, BUT I don’t know what the correct answer was. What was it, and if it was D-day then what was their smaller most significant operation?

Of Equatorial Guinea, Wikipedia states "The eventual treaty of Paris in 1900 left Spain with the continental enclave of Rio Muni, a mere 26,000 km2 out of the 300,000 stretching east to the Ubangi river which the Spaniards had initially claimed.", which lines up with the modern borders of the country. However I can't seem to find any information, or maps, on what the original Spanish claim was. It seems to be implied to have been granted at the Berlin Conference, but all the maps accompanying the topic appear to represent the reality of control at around 1900 rather than the supposed boundaries as stated in 1885.

A brief faffing with the "Measure distance" tool on google maps shows that extending the current eastern border of Equatorial Guinea out until it hits the Ubangi river results in a land area of approximately 47,000km^(2). Still less than a sixth of the original figure given, so the claim must extend either north or south somewhat?

Hello, this is my first post here.

Recently, I wrote a proposal for a radio script in which I talk about the influence of Cuban music in the conception of Jazz, saying that, in a way, Jazz was already Latin before Dizzy Gillespie and Mario Bauzá met. Specifically, I wrote about the influence of the Habanera/tresillo in the formation of Jazz. I got a response saying I'm making bold claims that most serious musicologists would not support.

Are they right? If not, could you share some sources with me?

Thanks for your help.

Title, basically. Did the Vikings bring smallpox with them but Newfoundland was just sufficiently isolated from the rest of the Americas that it didn't spread? Or was it a small enough crew that nobody was infected?

So ive always been baffled by this roman drink. A vinegar heavy beverage that I can only imagine was quaffed in large quantities on a regular basis. Has there any reliable modern recreations? It must have been beyond nauseating and I cant imagine anything vinegar based would quench a thirst in a satisfying way

Charles Darwin would need the help of an experienced crew to travel around all the islands and places he went. What were these men like and how did they feel about this scientist telling them what to do? From what I wonder, you have an early Charles looking to trace each intimate detail of finches, but he has to be meticulously asking these sailors to go by each island for a new recording of a beak or wing. Did these sailors lose their mind in the scrutiny or did they know exactly how amazing it was for revelations coming unraveled before them?

Europe for example the Ebstorfer world map) (Arabic for example maps from al-Idrisi)

I don't know what to add here anymore but if something is unclear just write.

(I hope you don't see this Mr. Tholen... I know my English is bad.)

How historically correct are Conn Igguldens book series, Conqueror when it comes to Mongolian cavalry combat? I have heard that his books is almost as good ass history books and I usually trust his historically correctness, but I wanted to ask.

I read about something which saying Erwin Rommel's troops involved some Black and Jew prisoner slaughtering while Battle of France, I thought Rommel was the some of the generals in Wehrmacht which were not sharing Nazi ideology. Those texts confused my mind and shake my opinion about Rommel. If you wonder where these texts placed it's really easy I read them on Wiki. Sorry about my English, I really try hard to improve it but for now, I hope it was enough to express my question and feelings.

Are there any ancient tombs (let's say no later than fall of western Rome), preferably still intact, that are known or believed to have belonged to significant ancient figures? Inspiration for the questions stems from curiosity of the tombs of Hannibal, Alexander, etc.

Hey historians, the symbol for the Delphi epsilon has always looked cool to me and I was wondering what it meant and what the epsilon stood for? And if I was to wear the symbol, would I be offending anyone or look dumb?

I have a native ancestor who I'm trying to learn more about starting with tribal identity. She was born in Quebec in a tiny mining town close to the US border circa 1890 and moved to New England after the turn of the century. It's been awhile since I dig into this(missing my notes) but I couldn't get any relevant info going by family name or town, both being of the French Canadian variety. The ancestor in question was unfortunately ashamed of her ancestry and refused to discuss it with her children, I have zero first-hand knowledge.

A late relative of mine dug deeply into the ancestry of our family and made the claim my ancestor in question is Arapaho which strikes me as unlikely due to geography. I was unfortunately unable to inquire further before this relative passed. I'm wondering what she dug up to make this claim with high confidence.

Is there recorded history of Natives in Western America to move to Eastern Canada which would give more credence to this theory? Assuming my ancestor was not Arapaho how would I go about determining the truth?