So according to the Three Estates model, the clergy is supposed to pray, the nobles are supposed to fight (and protect everyone), and peasants are supposed to work. If this was true, how did medieval kingdoms justify mass peasant levies or conscription? Was this simply not the ideal, or did kingdoms try to justify their actions in conscripting peasants? Or was the Three Estates model not applicable to this period?
1 Answers 2020-03-04
Another month is in the books, and the votes have been tallied.
For the month of February, the 'Flairs Choice' falls upon /u/coeurdelionne who wowed with their response to "Geoffrey of Monmouth first writes about King Arthur as an historical personage. To what extent did people during the middle ages think Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table were real historical figures? When did that perception begin to change?"
The 'Users Choice' in turn goes /u/textandtrowel, who sallied forth on "Is black vikings a thing?".
For this month's 'Dark Horse' award, which is given to the combined vote for best answer by a non-flaired user, goes to newcomer /u/huianxin, who towered over the competition responding to "Of the top 20 tallest statues in the world, 15 depict a Buddha or are Buddhist in nature. How did a religion typically associated with aeseticism and impermanence come to produce such ostentatious art?".
The 'Greatest Question' award, bestowed by the mods for a question we find to be unique, insightful, or highlighting a less trafficked topic this month saw the team drawn to "Can anyone tell me about African-American sailors on whaling ships in the early nineteenth century?", which was asked by /u/cnzmur, and wonderfully answered by /u/Stalking_Goat.
Finally, our double-teamed 'Excellence in Flairdom' award for February goes to /u/aquatermain and /u/Libertat! They have been a positive, prominent, and persistent presence in the panel population for a long time now. Whether or not you've read one of their answers directly, you've benefited from the overall atmosphere they help create. Thanks for being so terrific, Libertat and aquatermain!
As always, congrats to our very worthy winners, and thank you to everyone else who has contributed here, whether with thought-provoking questions or fascinating answers. And if this month you want to flag some stand-out posts that you read here for potential nomination, don't forget to post them in our Sunday Digest!
For a list of past winners, check them out here!
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To elaborate, I mean to ask whether or not it had a tangible effect on, say, the burgeoning communist movement in Europe or alternatively its reactionary countermovement(s) - how did figures from across the political spectrum react and respond to the event?
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Our History Professor has not been able to find evidence that Small Pox blankets were actually intentionally used (only talked about at Fort Pitt) on native Americans. The question is not homework or a grade or whatever, so I thought I'd ask here, do we have an direct evidence they intentionally attempted to give native Americans smallpox
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I was wondering if there are any records in text about the bones they found. I know they didn't know about archeology that time and that's probably where the myths of dragons came from but I was wondering what did the ancient and medieval folks thought when they found a dinosaur bone.
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Pretty much just the title. The Vaterland, for example, was an ocean liner that was referred to as a “he”, instead of a “she”. (For instance, the Titanic was a she.)
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For example, the U.S. Treasury Secretary Albert Gallatin administered sanctions against Great Britain in retaliation for the impressment of American sailors dating back to the War of 1822. How can a country force sanctions on another country and expect them to follow through?
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Edit: thank you for your responses! This is a question that runs to the actual administration of the army and logistics in an era where communication was not instantaneous and transportation was not instantaneous. How were salaries and pensions administered to legionaries and how did they keep track of all this information?
1 Answers 2020-03-04
im writing a big school assignment about fandom culture with a focus on the Star Trek fandom in the 60s but I need some history sources about the socioeconomic changes before and in the 60s that led to the creation of fandom culture to be possible. I already know most of what I want from the source (middle class got more money and free time, more technology like tvs becoming common items etc). my history teacher unfortunately isn't much help and im going to the library tomorrow and plan to ask the librarians for help then.
1 Answers 2020-03-04
With early Punk I could think at least of some very influential women: from designer Vivienne Westwood to musicians like Patti Smith or X-Ray Spex. But my impression is that into the 80s and with the beginning of Hardcore, there seems to be less influence from LGBTQ+ people and women. Ie this very representative photo of a Black Flag gig with... only dudes in the audience.
Was there such a movement towards more male oriented scenes? If so, how and why?
1 Answers 2020-03-04
The other day, I was thinking about this because I know of salt production around the Mediterranean and other Old World places, but I don't know of any ancient salt sources in North America. Of course, natives could have supplied salt from the ocean and the Great Salt Lake, as this article describes. But I'm particularly curious about how inland peoples, such as the Woodland tribes, found enough salt to be a part of their diet. I hypothesize that salt was a significant trade item that was transported through the extensive Hopewell, Mississippi, and Mesoamerican trade networks, but I don't know since salt is not a good that I recall being discussed when talking about Native American economies.
So, if you were a Woodland, Hopewell, or Great Plains person, how did you get your salt?
As a broader question, how would a hunter-gatherer in any part of the world get enough salt?
Yes, I googled it first. More specifically, I used Google Scholar.
One paper, cited below, describes apparent salt production at Cahokia, which would explain how at least some Hopewell got salt. The second link below shows a map of where principle saline areas could be, and shows a map that early indigenous cultures started around these salt sources, but later expansion would require transporting huge amounts of salt to roughly half the continent. The second link also describes the need for salt increasing after agriculture became the primary subsistence strategy. Why would this be the case? Did the tribes prior to that drink the blood of their kills to get salt? How would a hunter-gatherer get sufficient salt?
Background research I did:
Salt production by boiling briny water at Cahokia (paywalled)
Eastern Woodlands salt production is known, but where, how, and how it was traded are difficult to trace. (paywalled)
Ancient mesoamerican salt production by boiling seawater (paywalled)
Open-air salt mines in San Francisco (paywalled)
A book I couldn't access, but that seems relevant: Brown, Ian W. The Role of Salt in Eastern North American Prehistory. No. 3. Department of Culture, Recreation and Tourism, 1981.
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19 Answers 2020-03-04
I figured since everything that breathes and doesnt have a respirator suffocates when trenches are flooded with mustard gas or other chemical weapons, it might kill all the rats and lice in the trench. Was this the case?
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This might be a stupid question but I feel like I found a gap in my education. Why do the French speak a Romance language and not a Germanic language? I get it that what is now France was a Roman colony for a long time but wasn’t it conquered and settled by the Germanic Francs? Did they just abandon their Germanic language(s)?
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