Bananas VS Coffee: Why did the United Fruit Company dominate Guatemala instead of coffee exporters?

I'm asking because the United Fruit Company had a seemingly disproportionate amount of influence in the region despite not exporting any coffee (though they did control domestic shipping of both commodities through Puerto Barrios). In The Banana: Empires, Trade Wars, and Globalization, historian James Wiley referred to coffee as the "leading export" of Guatemala in that time period (he doesn't specify in what sense). This leads to one of my questions: Which export was larger by volume and value in Guatemala around 1945-1954, bananas or coffee?

During CIA-led Operation PBSUCCESS the State Department even brought in American coffee producers to discuss the implications of trade embargos or tariffs on Guatemalan coffee. (https://2001-2009.state.gov/r/pa/ho/frus/ike/iv/20210.htm, section 19) Was the coffee industry's comparative lack of power due to it simply being divided into smaller competing firms, producing less $/volume or $/mass, or purchasing from local farming operations and therefore not having infrastructure? Also, if there were big coffee firms, did Decree 900 affect them, and why didn't they lobby like the UFCO did?

1 Answers 2020-01-05

Why did so many people believe that the earth is flat for so long, when there are geographical zones were it is daytime for half of the year then night for the other half ? How did they explain that?

2 Answers 2020-01-05

Was there significant support for the Confederacy in Northern cities as is portrayed in Gangs of New York?

I recently watched the movie and had previously been under the impression that the Confederacy had little support in the North, and what it did was probably in rural areas. After watching the movie however, I wondered how historically accurate the “Down With the Union” chants were.

1 Answers 2020-01-05

Why didn't Imperial Japan attack the Soviet Union during World War 2?

Japan's land in China shares a border with the Soviet Union an enemy of their friends (Nazi Germany.)

2 Answers 2020-01-05

Interesting history book suggestions

Hi, so I like history. I really enjoy learning about the confederacy and the civil war, but any interesting history books would be nice, my history teacher recommended one to me I believe it was call gun powder steel and something else I forgot if anyone knows that books title please let me know.

I'm currently in two college level world and European history classes and would like books to read to help me with the classes, but not text books I dont need study material just books that are interesting that encompass either of those.

Please let me know any suggestions, thanks!

1 Answers 2020-01-05

Who exactly were the north European Pagans and what did they worship?

I know the most famous ones are the Norse Pagans who worshiped Odin and Thor and stuff, but what about the other ones? I know there were more than that and anything I try to find on them is pretty limited and dry. Who were they and what do we know about them?

1 Answers 2020-01-05

How much did French support for the American Revolution doom the Ancien Regime?

It's been awhile since I've done much reading on the French Revolution, but perusing through some older answers on similar topics leads me to a couple key questions. First, from my understanding, at least part of the downfall of the Ancien Regime could be attributed to the horrible state of the crown and states finances in the later half of the 18th century. While a few posters mentioned the loss of French North American colonial possessions, no one seems to draw any connection to funding a costly intervention into the American Revolution. Second, from an intellectual standpoint, how well known were American Political thinkers within French Revolutionary circles? Obviously there's Lafayette, the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Jeffersonian connection, but how well known were the founding fathers and their (admittedly diverse) philosophies in France?

I know I asked a few pretty big questions that technically go into different areas, but both contribute to my general question of the affect the American Revolution had on the downfall of Bourbon France?

1 Answers 2020-01-05

In the film "Django Unchained" Django uses a snowman for target practice. Are snowmen actually things people would make during the 1850s or was it just used in the film as an artistic liberty?

1 Answers 2020-01-05

How were loans and other financial instruments structured in antiquity when those civilizations had less understanding of the math behind finance like we do today?

2 Answers 2020-01-05

Why did opposition movements begin to emerge across the Eastern European regimes during the 1970s and 1980s?

1 Answers 2020-01-05

Reagan Administration question *We've all seen this picture* Who are all the people here?

https://i.imgur.com/vzsiQO7.jpg

I know Reagan is on the left, with Walter Cronkite next to him. I know GHW Bush is the second from the right. I don't recognize any of the other people in this picture. Any help?

1 Answers 2020-01-05

What are the best books on Ancient Rome, Ancient Greek, the Crusades, the Age of Discovery, the French Revolution&the Napoleonic Wars, World Wars I&II, the Cold War?

And I am also interested in the Middle Ages overall(from cultural, social, religious, etc. standpoints), the histories of Japan and other Middle East countries(as I have no idea about those, I would really appreciate some guidelines).

Since I am not a scholar, I would appreciate something accessible for a layman, but still, not overly simplified.

And if you have any other suggestions on periods, wars, etc. that are especially significant and present interesting and important ideas and concepts, I am looking forward to your suggestions.

1 Answers 2020-01-05

How frequent was women's enrollment in armies, with or without fake identities, until the end of WW2?

1 Answers 2020-01-05

How did the Christian interpretation of the Tree of Knowledge changed throughout history?

For most of my life I thought that the Tree of Knowledge was an apple tree, but recently someone told me that it is not completely true, that the Bible doesn't mention anything about which type of tree it was, and that the idea that it was an apple tree comes from the Middle ages. How true is this and how do different cultures understand the Tree of Knowledge?

1 Answers 2020-01-05

What did the peasants from the Middle Ages do in their free time?

1 Answers 2020-01-05

How was snow cleared from streets in older times?

As there can be quite much of snow in winter where I live (although not this year), I have always wondered how they cleared the snow from the streets before motor vehicles. Obviously, there must have been different ways in different parts of the world, but I’m curious nonetheless. Did cities have horses that were used for this? Where there rules for house owners to clear their part of the street?

1 Answers 2020-01-05

When the Meiji government instituted the "Shinbutsu bunri" (separation of Shinto and Buddhism) policy in 1868, it triggered a much wider anti-Buddhist movement. Was this hatred towards Buddhism universal or targeted at only the most parasitic examples? Did Buddhism have any social utility by then?

1 Answers 2020-01-05

What event happened on 20/11/1938 in the area of Dongguan, Guangdong Province, China that they now have a memorial Day of sorts in remembrance of?

I was recently in china visiting my girlfriend and at midday whilst she was at work air raid sirens went off at every police station in the city for nearly 5 minutes.

I asked my girlfriend what it was for and she replied that it was the Dongguan People's safety day and that she nor any of her colleagues could explain anymore than that it was the anniversary of an event that involved a Japanese massacre on that day in 1938 in the area.

I have spent quite a lot of time looking this up online and I cannot find a single thing about a massacre on this day in that area. So I suppose the thing I want to know is what happened to make this a memorial Day.

1 Answers 2020-01-05

I am a peasant living in France during the Middle Ages, and I've just killed someone. Could I evade the law by joining a monastery or convent?

While the Middle Ages is a broad time period with many French monarchs, I'm wondering if there was any sort of relationship between the bodies associated with enforcing the law and the Church at some point. I can and will ask follow-up questions!

1 Answers 2020-01-05

Sunday Digest | Interesting & Overlooked Posts | December 30, 2019–January 05, 2020

Previous

Today:

Welcome to this week's instalment of /r/AskHistorians' Sunday Digest (formerly the Day of Reflection). Nobody can read all the questions and answers that are posted here, so in this thread we invite you to share anything you'd like to highlight from the last week - an interesting discussion, an informative answer, an insightful question that was overlooked, or anything else.

2 Answers 2020-01-05

What are War Elephants Strengths/Weaknesses?

Hello, I'm designing a strategic ancients wargame and I am trying to figure out how war elephant use such as by carthage and epirrus should fit into the strategy.

Considerations would be march speed, terrain disadvantages, and weaknesses to other unit types.

Right now units are divided into 5 categories representing heavy melee infantry(legions), phalanx infantry, light infantry(gaul, briton, etc), slingers/archers, and cavalry.

So my questions are: how should elephant march speed compare to infantry in level ground?

Do elephants become useless if caught in hilly/forested terrain?

Lastly, what are they strong and weak against? I was thinking that their weakness would be light troops and missile troops and they would be strong against cavalry and phalanx infantry which rely on keeping formation but I am not a historian.

Obviously this is a game soI have flexibility but I want it to be believable. Thanks!

1 Answers 2020-01-05

Military History Ancient, Medieval and Modern

Good Morning Gentlemen and Ladies. I have come down with a desire to study and know more about the military history (from personal interest) and I am coming to you for help. I need book or author suggestions.

My focus being

  1. Great Military Leaders and their tactics- Example but not limited to Caesar, Alexander, Khan, Napoleon. I have thought about autobiographies but I know those can obviously be biased.

  2. Great Military or Warrior Cultures- This list sparked my interest ( https://www.realmofhistory.com/2016/09/08/10-greatest-ancient-warrior-cultures/ )

This itch began with learning about Chesty Puller and what he read for his military knowledge. Also books like the "Art of War". I have done my own searching but because of either my lack of knowledge or the mass amount of information, I am having a hard time finding what I'm looking for. I want to start off reading about some of histories greatest leaders and then branch from there to their civilizations.

I feel like I want broad and accurate history to read and then if something sparks I can have something more specific to look into, myself. I am just having a hard time discerning what books to read and where to look for them. I hope I am being clear enough and that you have some suggestions. I will continue to look on my own!

Thank you for your time!!

**I'm an adult, college degree, reading level is not an issue, my location may be as I live in a small town, in rural Nebraska so resources are limited. (Basically- I'm not a kid asking for help on a college report lol)

2 Answers 2020-01-05

Was all of the stolen artwork and money found in the Merkers salt mines in WWII returned to its original owners?

The US discovered and removed all of the artwork and money that Nazi Germany had hoarded in the mine. Do we know what the repatriation effort was like for this hoard? Was all of it returned to its original owners? Did the US keep any of it (whether on purpose or not)? Given the damage caused during the war, were the original owners capable of housing the art again?

1 Answers 2020-01-05

Considering how effective the lance was at the Battle of Cérisoles, Why did it fall out of use soon afterwards?

1 Answers 2020-01-05

Why didn't columbus or other other early conquistadors take cape verde when sailing to America ?

For a long time there have been stories (theories) surrounding africans having gone to the americas (olmecs and whatnot) before Columbus. Somebody told me those theories Were started because of the fact that people found it strange that africans had not attempted to sail towards America from the cape verde islands.

Since its relatively close to the southern american coast and apparently there is a very pleasent wind accompanying you over there. The cape verde islands were discovered a couple of years before america was.

I am aware of the fact that maybe they didn't just because they didn't or hadnt thought of it or something.

But i did think it was strange that nobody started their journey from there since it apparantly was the best way to get to the new world. And since people always wondered why the africans never took this route, i thought it might be interesting to ask that same question about for example the portugeze since they had already colonized cape verde around this time.

1 Answers 2020-01-05

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