What is the best or most 'authoritative' biography on Vietnamese army general Vo Nguyen Giap?

I am looking for an authoritative biography or even a reputable general history on the life and times of Võ Nguyên Giáp. From early searches, there's a real mix out there: a few books in French (without English translation), sensationalist accounts by hack writers, and one or two accounts written by himself like "How We Won the War", which by some accounts are merely ghost written propagandist flyers... So for a man who masterminded two compelling victories over two colonial powers, all within a lifetime, you would think there would be a lot more written about him.

1 Answers 2019-03-13

Help with Spanish-American war question

Hello! I am an arm chair genealogist. I have been studying my family for a long time. As I was researching my great great grandfather I came across his registration card for the Spanish American war. On the card he is listed as having an alias. I have not yet been able to figure out the significance of this alias. Is there some sort of historical significance about this? Was this fairly common at the time? Does this imply something specific about his service or his role in the army? Any help would be greatly appreciated. I have not found any other record referencing this alias.

2 Answers 2019-03-13

Why did the automobile overtake the train as a major form of transportation for people traveling in the USA?

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1 Answers 2019-03-13

Who decides what goes into history textbooks and what doesn't?

So obviously we can't be taught the entire documented history, and in the next few centuries it's gonna be even harder due to the passing of time (more time to document) and abundance of archived information. So who decides what to be included in history textbooks?

1 Answers 2019-03-13

Were German civilians cremated in large piles after the Dresden bombing?

Watched an interview with a veteran of the Waffen SS and I have a couple of questions regarding some of the stuff he said about the Holocaust.

He claims that as a POW in a camp in Britain, he was shown photographs and film footage of the atrocities that occurred in the camps. He disputes that some the evidence is in fact of Jews that were killed by the Nazis.

At one point he says that he was shown a picture of a large pile of bodies and disputes that they were Jews. Instead, he says that they were German civilians in the city of Dresden that were piled up to be burned.

I will link the interview: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d0ZLPGG_p7M

He begins talking in regards to this issue at 1:08:55.

I realise this is a very sensitive issue. Part of me is scepitcal in taking his claims too seriously and going down such a rabbit hole. I imagine from his perspective it is easier to claim the scale of the atrocities are not true so as not to believe he participated in such evil himself.

1 Answers 2019-03-13

Oda Nobunaga in the Sengoku was referred to as the "demon king". Despite differing cultures and beliefs, did this cause any friction or rumors (supernatural or otherwise) with the Westerners he interacted with?

1 Answers 2019-03-13

Why did combatants in the U.S. civil war use muskets, when Wild West stories (which typically take place either during or immediately after the civil war) always have citizenry armed with repeating rifles? Is this a false portrayal, or were soldiers of the time equipped with outdated weapons?

Apologies if this has been asked before, I didn't see anything for several pages when searching

2 Answers 2019-03-13

Guns, Germs, and Steel: 20+ years later, is it still worth the read?

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1 Answers 2019-03-13

How comfortable a life could an exiled royal pretender in early modern Europe expect to live? Would they have had similar standards and experiences to the nobles of their host country?

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1 Answers 2019-03-13

A Change to the Rules Concerning Follow-Up Questions and the Premise of the Question Asked

Hello everyone,

We are announcing today a reformulating of the rules in the subreddit concerning 'Follow-up Questions', which covers both follow-up questions, as well as responses dealing with the premise of the question itself. The new wording reads as follows:

If you have a question inspired by the original post, we ask that you please wait and see if it is covered by the resulting answer, or else submit it as its own standalone question in the subreddit. All top-level follow-up questions are removed in the first 12 hours of a thread or until an answer is present, and may still be removed by the mod team if we judge the question to either be too far afield, or only in essence a restatement of the original question.

Top-level follow-up comments which request a source for or challenge the premise of part of the question must be done in good faith, and in a way that constructively engages with the question. If asking for a source, you should explain why you find the claim suspect and how clarification can help you personally answer the question. A full answer about why a premise is incorrect should otherwise comply with the rules and expectations we have for answers in this subreddit.

For reference, this replaces the previous wording of the rule which was as follows:

If you have a follow-up question directly related to the original question, please feel free to ask it, but do use your judgement, as additional questions which go too far afield from the original may be removed and/or redirected at moderator discretion.

If you have heard or read something which might be related to the question, and you want to check it, then make sure you ask it as a question. Do not post "I'm not sure if this is true..." or "Someone will correct me if I'm wrong." If you're not actually answering the question, then make sure your comment looks like a question.


A few words of explanation for the change is of course in order. For the first part, concerning top-level follow-up questions, this has been a long running issue on the subreddit, and one with mixed feelings from the users right on up to the mods. In fact it was quite coincidental that the issue was raised in a [META] thread just as we were voting on this matter. The core issue is two fold.

The first is that the follow-up questions often are simply unnecessary, and likely are asking something that a competent top-level answer would already cover, or else are in the other direction and ask something too tangential. The existing rule already alluded to this, but as redone, we aim to make it much clearer what we expect from follow-up questions, better codifying what has already been an existing rule of thumb for some time.

The second, and larger, issue is that even a follow-up question that manages to hit that sweetspot between being related enough to the topic at hand while nevertheless being a novel, new direction on the issue still often serves to distract from the original question asked. This is first of all somewhat unfair to the OP, as it can shift the focus away from what they themselves wanted to know. It is also unfair to the people looking to answer the question, since while a follow-up question can be posted in mere moments, the answer can take hours. We've seen far too many threads where the follow-up question sits at over 1,000 upvotes because it arrived early, and the answer is only at a fraction of that. As a result, it is pushed down in the display of the thread, which only continues to keep it away from primacy of place. And finally it is also unfair to the readers, not only for the same reasons as before as it can mean that they miss the answer present, but also by adding to a false sense of thread activity.

As such, while we aren't going to be entirely disallowing top-level follow-up questions, we will be removing them for the first 12 hours that a thread is live, or until an answer is present, whichever comes first. Even then, we still will be policing them more thoroughly than before, strongly encouraging users to ask their follow-ups by engaging with the answer(s) present, or if seemingly not related enough, by asking a new question as its own submission. Although this change has been something we've discussed for quite some time, theory and practice are two different matters, so we will be revisiting it in a month or so for possible tweaks or changes based on the results we see in the field, and welcome your thoughts and feedback for that process.


For the second part of the change focuses on the related issue of the actual premise of the question. People come here to learn, and often that means they come in with erroneous assumptions which may at times be reflected in the question being asked. We appreciate the issues that this can cause, but nevertheless have found there to be a lot of issues in how users have in the past approached the matter. While in some cases a better understanding of what the OP believes or means with their question can be a necessary component in understanding how to answer it, aggressive interrogation, which has at times resulted in the past, more likely will only make the OP feel self-conscious about their lack of knowledge... which is why they came here to ask in the first place.

This is core to the rules change. To be sure, it is in part simply a restatement of our rules on civility, but it also goes beyond that. We at times will get a string of "Wait, where did you hear that!?" questions, but it is rarely more than posting for the sake of posting, something which we very much discourage here. OPs are not responsible for citing every statement made in their questions, and while it certainly is a practice that can help increase the chance of an answer, it is not that something the moderators can police sufficiently. Aside from such questions about the premise of course needing to be polite, what this rule makes clear is that we expect those questions to be from someone who once clarified, can likely provide a more thorough response. And as with our rules on answers, in doing so the post should demonstrate this quality.

Closely related to this is the issue of correcting the premise, i.e. where you aren't unclear on what OP means, but rather are quite clear they are mistaken. The revamped rule in this case is simply clarifying what has been a long standing rule of thumb, namely that if you are correcting the premise, that is held to essentially the same standards as any other answer. In the case of something like a minor factual error, this can be easily addressed in the answer itself; in the case of a larger, fundamental error of the premise, this would entail explaining why and how it is incorrect, and how it impacts the underlying question.

To be sure, we realize that not all incorrect premises are created equally, and this rule ought not be understood as endorsing them so. In the case of egregious issues, false premises absolutely fall under existing rules about soapboxing, and do get removed as such. Likewise, in the case of such clear-cut factual errors as to render the question illogical, we will often remove those under Moderator's Discretion and suggest correct and how to re-ask it. These, and similar, however, are for the Mod team to evaluate and act on as deemed necessary, and as in all cases, we ask and remind you that using the Report Button or reaching out to us via Modmail is how you can help to enforce the rules of the subreddit. If you see a situation where you believe the premise is off enough to require remedial action, reach out to us about it rather than posting in the thread, and we can determine what the next step ought to be and handle it in our official capacity.

9 Answers 2019-03-13

I'm going shopping in a large medieval European town or city in the Late Middle Ages. What can I buy?

Almost every first person video game that takes place in a medieval-inspired town has a few shops where you can buy things. I'm thinking Skyrim, World of Warcraft, and especially Kingdom Come: Deliverance. They all have almost the same shops, with a sign above them indicating what is found there. These are almost always some variation of the following:

Weapons

Armour

Clothes (including tailors, shoemakers, and hat makers...)

General Goods

Bread

Meat

Fruits/ Vegetables

Cheese

Alchemical supplies, which would be potions in some games, but in fairly historically accurate games like Kingdom Come, this translates to an Apothecary I guess?

Fish

And of course an Inn / Tavern, usually combined.

​

In Skyrim, some of these are just little kiosks or stands, and in other games they are full-fledged shops you can wander around in.

​

So, two questions...

  1. How accurate is this? Would I expect to be able to find these shops in London in 1350, for example or in Prague ?

  2. More importantly, *what else* can I buy during a day of shopping? Are there shops that sell jewelry? Tourist trinkets? Religious goods? Fabric shops? Spices? Pottery?

1 Answers 2019-03-13

Reliability of Commentaries made by Caesar and Tacitus on the German Peoples

I had read both Julius Caesar's Bellum Gallicum and Tacitus' Germania recently and when comparing to two authors, had a question on how reliable the accounts they provided were. Is there any available commentaries on this subject or key points that would help clarify this matter on whose account can be generally taken as more trustworthy in containing reliable accounts?

1 Answers 2019-03-13

After the Napoleonic wars how much protection did ships officers need from their own crew?

I have an impression that during the war many countries pressed sailors who were not very happy to be on a ship and that that coupled with the fact that captains were nearly emperors on their own ships and not always promoted based on merit led to tense relations on board. I know there were quite a few famous mutinies during this time period and that part of the rational for keeping marines on board wasn't just to fight enemies but also to keep the crew in line.

How did that relationship change after the wars ended? It's my understanding the total number of sailors decreased so they could rely on volunteers and overall the service became more professional. How fearful were officers of their crew during the rather large time period between the end of the Napoleonic wars and the 20 year rule? I know there was the famous mutiny on the Potemkin and in the German Fleet at the end of WWI, outside of those was there a lot of protest? I believe I remember reading that David Beatty would always have an armed group of marines protecting him on his own ship, would that have been common or necessary?

1 Answers 2019-03-13

What is the absolute best way to prove the Holocaust happened?

1 Answers 2019-03-13

What type of ship was Grand Duke Alexader Mikhailovich (Russian: Великий князь Александр Михайлович)?

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1 Answers 2019-03-13

What would happen when a Spanish treasure galleon would pull into port carrying a hold full of gold? And did any Spaniards ever try to rob it before it was secured?

2 Answers 2019-03-13

Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus. Peter Pan; or, the Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up. Etc. Why did older novels commonly have subtitles like this? When and why did this practice fall out of favor?

2 Answers 2019-03-13

Between 1780-1813, how much of a technological advantage did US soldiers have over Native armies, such as those of the Wabash Confederacy and Tecumseh's Confederacy?

US sources from the period describe them as "savages" which evokes the image of almost-naked men armed with spears and flint axes, but of course that's propaganda. I know Native Americans were enthusiastic adopters of muskets, cavalry tactics, etc. And of course, this is a period where US soldiers didn't wear armour, so perhaps bows were effective weapons anyway.
Nevertheless, the Natives lost. But I don't know whether that's more due to the technology of the US, or other factors such as politics and population levels.

1 Answers 2019-03-13

Short Answers to Simple Questions | March 13, 2019

Previous weeks!

Please Be Aware: We expect everyone to read the rules and guidelines of this thread. Mods will remove questions which we deem to be too involved for the theme in place here. We will remove answers which don't include a source. These removals will be without notice. Please follow the rules.

Some questions people have just don't require depth. This thread is a recurring feature intended to provide a space for those simple, straight forward questions that are otherwise unsuited for the format of the subreddit.

Here are the ground rules:

  • Top Level Posts should be questions in their own right.

  • Questions should be clear and specific in the information that they are asking for.

  • Questions which ask about broader concepts may be removed at the discretion of the Mod Team and redirected to post as a standalone question.

  • We realize that in some cases, users may pose questions that they don't realize are more complicated than they think. In these cases, we will suggest reposting as a stand-alone question.

  • Answers MUST be properly sourced to respectable literature. Unlike regular questions in the sub where sources are only required upon request, the lack of a source will result in removal of the answer.

  • Academic secondary sources are prefered. Tertiary sources are acceptable if they are of academic rigor (such as a book from the 'Oxford Companion' series, or a reference work from an academic press).

  • The only rule being relaxed here is with regard to depth, insofar as the anticipated questions are ones which do not require it. All other rules of the subreddit are in force.

35 Answers 2019-03-13

If Christianity was so common and important during the middle ages for the average person, how were wars and killing between Christians so common even though the bible clearly doesn't allow it?

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2 Answers 2019-03-13

Does sexuality increase in time of war?

I think I may have heard this in a documentary, because I remember seeing an illustration in the form of a WW2 era Warner Brothers type animated cartoon, which was highly sexualised. I also recall seeing advertisement paintings that we relatively risque.

I can't find any sources to back this up though.

FYI this came up in a broad discussion with a friend, in which we were pondering the many possible causes of post war baby booms.

1 Answers 2019-03-13

Why the West thinks that Ancient Greece ended with Alexander and everything else is ignored?

1 Answers 2019-03-13

What are the alternatives to the "great man" theory of history?

1 Answers 2019-03-13

Functions of Royal Marines in the Age of Sail?

So it is my understanding that contingents of Royal Marines were stationed aboard many British Navy vessels during the Age of Sail for the protection of the officers, discipline of the crew and for boarding and landing operations.

But what, if any, other functions did they serve outside of this role? Given that they were consuming resources, were Marines really spending most of their time on guard duty or were they expected to participate in certain crew tasks/labours while stationed on the ship? If so, what tasks were they expected to fulfil?

As a side note, do we know the typical number of Royal Marines that would be stationed on a particular vessel?

1 Answers 2019-03-13

Why is it generally thought that Napoleon Bonaparte was short?

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1 Answers 2019-03-13

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