Why did Muskogee/ Creek Indians send their kids to Scotland to get educated in the late 1700s and early 1800s?

This was mentioned on a recent episode of Antiques Roadshow, related to a Muskogee beaded sash with clear Scottish influence.

I suppose before answering why, the first question is did they and on what scale and for how long, or if the appraiser, not a historian, was full of BS.

Edit: not sure why this became a "great question".

1 Answers 2018-12-25

How did the popular media depictions of Nazis come to be? How much is it influenced by Nazi propaganda?

Edit: The specific depiction of Nazis is the following cold, calculating but evil. Best exemplified by Colonel Landa in Tarantino's 'Inglorious Basterds'.

1 Answers 2018-12-25

How was the Christmas Truce negotiates? How were both sides able to trust each other enough to take Christmas off?

1 Answers 2018-12-25

Tuesday Trivia: Telling History Through Memes! This thread has relaxed standards, and we hope everyone will participate!

Memes about history. Memes about historians. Memes using historical artwork...

...But this is still /r/AskHistorians, which means after your link your meme or memes, you have to explain the joke. Let’s all laugh together.

Obviously, rules about civility, no bigotry, and nothing within the past 20 years/no comparisons with modern politics all apply.

Next time: We return in 2019 by looking at what it was like to be your era’s version of a historian and/or scientist, whatever form that took!

8 Answers 2018-12-25

What would be your goto source(s) for an introduction to 14th century dress and fashion in Scandinavia and North-West Europe?

Unfortunately, the AH booklist is ruefully thin on things like this.

1 Answers 2018-12-25

Did Greek hoplites or phalangites use gloves?

I think spears are among the coolest weapons used through history and today I went into the woods with a broom handle and practised some different thrusting techniques on a tree however even after just 20 or so thrusts I became quite red and sore at the base of my thumb (I'm male and work out quite a bit so I wouldn't say I have tender skin).

Would Greek hoplites use gloves to protect themselves or did develop massive callouses?

1 Answers 2018-12-25

The Battle for Spain by Anthony Beevor or The Spanish Civil War by Hugh Thomas? Which one provides a better overview of the civil war?

I've recently started to get really interested in the Spanish Civil War and as such, I wanted to purchase a book that provides an overview of said event.

From what I've read online, it seems that The Battle for Spain by Anthony Beevor and The Spanish Civil War by Hugh Thomas are the best ones in that regard (I've also seen The Spanish Civil War: A Very Short Introduction by Helen Graham recommended a lot, but I've decided to focus on the ones that go "more in-depth").

That is essentially my dilemma. If it's possible, I'd like to purchase the book that deals more with internal politics of the internal factions. From PCE and Carlists to Basque Separatists and Azaña's IR, etc etc.

Thank you and happy holidays (if you celebrate the ones around this date).

2 Answers 2018-12-25

When the ruling of "separate but equal" was struck down in Brown vs. Board, how much of that was due to how unequal the system was? Would it have taken longer if things had been more equal?

I don't know how answerable this question is, but I can't help but imagine that there wouldn't have been such outrage over the situation in 50's America if the conditions between the white and minority school systems weren't so shockingly different. Not to mention it seems that separate but actually equal legal argument seems like it could be more easily fought for.

1 Answers 2018-12-25

Was Soviet equipment in the late 80s inferior to U.S. equipment?

I was watching a documentary on the battle of 72 easting and the Iraqi t72s never stood a chance. Was Soviet Union (the other superpower) really so poorly equipped compared to USA forces?

2 Answers 2018-12-25

Endurance of British Great War Ships according to Admiral Jellicoe

On page 19 of Admiral Jellicoe's The Grand Fleet 1914-1916, the admiral states that

"The fuel capacity of destroyers was only sufficient for them to remain at sea in company with a fleet for some Three Days and Nights, whereas the fleet could remain out for three or four times that period."

While destroyers are small by warship standards, this strikes me as a bizarrely short period.

The Acorn-Class carried 120 tons of fuel. To burn through everything in 3 days, it would be to be burning at about half the rate of a modern Arleigh Burke, a ship with over 10x both its displacement and output.

Were Britains ships truly so limited in endurance? Even the figure given for the fleet as a whole suggests less than 2 weeks deployment time. If yes, why were they designed in such a way? Was this purely a cost cutting measure to field as many ships as possible?

How did the endurance of WW1 ships compare to ships in the prewar era, particularly predreadnoughts?

Thanks!

1 Answers 2018-12-25

Back in medieval times, did the common person knew what their King and Queen looked like?

Just watched The Man in the Iron Mask, which is based in the 1600s I believe, and it made me curious.

2 Answers 2018-12-25

In 380 CE, the Roman Empire made Christianity the state religion, outlawing the practice of all others. Did the pagan faiths outlawed by this edict ever mount successful or at least meaningful resistance to this decree? if not, why?

1 Answers 2018-12-25

Is a concept locked in its time period? Case in point: city-states.

Edit: minor Changes

Me and my friend are arguing over city-states.

She says "city-state" is a definition locked to Greek ones, like Sparta and Athens.

I say that it should apply to cities like the Hanseatic League, the Italian Renaiscance states and even, maybe, modern Hong Kong.

She argues that the urban spaces, the political system and the historic moments are different, therefore unique.

I argued that concepts change with time. City-states shifted through time, but retained a core oncept: a sovereign city.

She thinks it is anachronist to call them such.

(I don't know how to jump more than one line for emphasis)

Who do you agree with?

Can you guys help us out?

2 Answers 2018-12-25

How did tariffs on imported goods become so high in Brazil?

Brazil is infamous for common imported goods being very expensive due to import tariffs. For example, in 2014, an imported iPhone 6 was $1279, while costing $649 in the US. This doesn't even take into account differences in cost of living and median income. The article states that tariffs can add as much as 33% to the price of imported smartphones. I've similar things about other imported goods, like Nike sneakers.

How did tariffs on imported goods become so high in Brazil?

1 Answers 2018-12-25

A question for a Cartographers

I'm looking for a map of building in Jefferson County Kentucky during the 1940s. I've already contacted my States Library of Coungress, and all they have is road maps. Trying to make a map for my grandmother and I'm willing to pay for a map if need be, just please point me in the right direction.

1 Answers 2018-12-25

I was wondering why the Spanish colonies ended up forming many different countries, but the Portuguese “colonies” formed just one mega country. What accounts for this difference? I can see a scenario where Brazil is broken up into many smaller states.

1 Answers 2018-12-25

[META] Merry (UTC) Christmas and Happy Holidays to AskHistorians! As an extra-special gift from the Asia flairs, we've completely revamped our book recommendation list! Links below!

The title has quite obviously given away the point of this post, which is to announce our shiny, new and improved Asia book list! Over the course of the past four months, the flair panel has been collaborating on creating a new list to take advantage both of the expertise of the current panel and certain features of the platform which we had not previously made use of, and now we are done! The old lists have since been relegated to a legacy section (links to these will be found at the end of both this post and each of the new booklist pages), and in their place we have new lists of recommendations for numerous areas of East Asian, Central and Himalayan, and South and Southeast Asian history, with 158 books in all!

Before I link to them, though…

What’s changed?

Flairtext: This is the biggest and most obvious change. One especially nice feature of Reddit’s formatting is that, with a little wizardry, you can use flair text in posts, comments and wiki pages, which, in the case of this sub, means we have been able to introduce a system of colour coded tagging. Each entry on the list now has at least two tags – difficulty and category.

  1. The difficulty tag marks out the level of complexity, specialisation and necessary background knowledge, and can be:

    1. Entry-Level – Relatively easy to get into especially for a lay audience.
    2. Intermediate – Still not hard to get into but with a little more complexity at the conceptual level.
    3. Advanced – Mainly aimed at a more academic audience.
    4. PhD-Level – Definitely for academic purposes.
  2. The category tag(s) indicate the content areas the book covers, and can include any number of the following self-explanatory categories:

    1. Overview/General
    2. Political
    3. Social
    4. Economic
    5. Cultural
    6. Religious
    7. Military
    8. Primary Source(s)
    9. Other – (please specify)

Slightly more information: While our old entries always had authors and usually had publication dates, we’ve made sure to include date of publication and ISBN-13 numbers for all publications just to make searches on external sites a little easier. Additionally, we’ve tried to make sure that all the mini-reviews have a reasonable level of detail and to include the recommending flair’s handle at the end. This will help if a user wants to ask for further information on a particular recommendation.

Revamped regions and periodisation: Thanks to the absolutely brilliant variety of flairs we have, the old periodisation has proven a little overly simple. The periods covered for each region have generally been increased, and indeed we’ve added a couple of extra regional categories for Taiwan and Hong Kong (for obviously objective, neutral and non-ideological reasons) as well as regrouped Southeast Asia somewhat.

Amazon affiliate links: Whilst affiliate links have always been part of the booklist, some entries may link straight to Amazon. Thanks to the tireless work of /u/Georgy_K_Zhukov we’ve been able to ensure that all the entries on this list have proper affiliate links, so you can feel no guilt at all with your post-Christmas shopping.

Some collateral damage: Unfortunately, due to some old flairs with expertise in certain areas having since left the panel or been unable to contribute due to real life rearing its ugly head, a few areas that were comparatively well-covered (Japan, Korea and Mongolia especially) have been much reduced in terms of entries for the time being. Not to worry, though: these new lists are by no means final and will no doubt be updated over time as the flair panel finds more books to recommend and welcomes new members to the team, and as mentioned at the beginning the old lists will still be linked to at the bottom of the new ones if there’s an area you’re interested in that has received poor coverage.

But enough about the changes. Now for the lists themselves!

The New Lists

East Asia

South and Southeast Asia

Central Asia and the Himalayas

Thanks and Acknowledgements

As Reddit doesn’t let you tag more than 3 users in a post, I will put these in a series of comments below just so everyone who was involved is aware.

Statistics

Just for fun, I made spreadsheets to keep track of progress, and I made some charts with them! Below are charts for East Asia, South and Southeast Asia, Central Asia and the whole list, showing the distribution of regions of coverage, difficulty ratings, dates of publication and categories covered. (Please note that yes, there is no consistent scale on the bar charts, as the number of books in each region and the spread of categories varied heavily and I wanted to show the detail well.)

East Asia

South and Southeast Asia

Central Asia and Himalayas

Full List

Just to make a few observations on this data:

  • We’re pretty up to date, with the majority of recommendations being from the past two decades and just under 25% published before 1990.
  • We’ve generally got a good amount of breadth in terms of categories, albeit with a general lack of economic history in general, East Asian religious history and Central Asian social history. Something for future flairs, perhaps?
  • In terms of difficulties we’ve got a reasonable spread. Obviously PhD-level stuff is in the minority, but we’ve got a reasonable spread of difficulties on the whole.

And finally some trivia:

  • The most heavily covered region in the booklist is undoubtedly China with 55 books (59 if we include Taiwan and Hong Kong), making it just over a third of the list as a whole.
  • The most heavily covered subcategory is Late Imperial China with 29 entries, just ahead of pre-colonial Southeast Asia with 27 (if we combine the mainland and maritime regions.)
  • 7 entries are anthologies, either as single volumes or series.
  • The most recommended author is M. C. Ricklefs, 6 of whose books are included in the Southeast Asia section.

Penultimate Word

So, there you have it! We hope you have a great holiday season and we hope the recommendations are useful!

Legacy Lists

East Asia

South and Southeast Asia

Central Asia and the Himalayas

5 Answers 2018-12-24

Which plane was the first to have radar?

1 Answers 2018-12-24

What ages would you expect for refugees in the Roman World? Or for rebel slaves in the Roman World?

  1. I think most demographic reconstructions of the Roman would assume a life expectency/E0 of 20 to 30 years. If in doubt, let's assume something close to 25 years and close to Coale and Demeney (and Vaughan)'s "Model West" reconstruction.

  2. For slaves, would 22.5 years be more reasonable?

  3. Spartacus's uprising has traditionally been interpreted as an attempted mass escape. If true, I think the demographics would resemble a refugee group rather than an army. Is this reasonable?

  4. Could refugees accompanying Union armies in the American Civil War be a modern analogue? Is there data on their demography? But how could I adjust for the general increase in life expectancy by the 19th century?

  5. Given expected pregnancies, and long-term disabilities, how many would be able to fight?

I've seen an estimate of 17% for Hellenic poleis conscripting men. (Mogens Herman Hansen, "How to Convert an Army Figure into a Population Figure," in Greek Roman and Byzantine Studies, 2011. 8% if only counting hoplites.) But that's without women.

Thanks!

2 Answers 2018-12-24

Post Civil War battles

How long did it take for every part of the country to know the Civil War officially ended? Were there battles that took place well after the treaty was signed? I read that battles lingered really bad in Texas and the Deep South.

1 Answers 2018-12-24

Why do historians tend to not like Michel Foucault?

And as an extension, do historians dislike postmodern philosophers as whole, or just Foucault?

5 Answers 2018-12-24

How much of the Biblical story of Christmas is historically plausible?

Like a lot of kids, I was taught that Jesus was born in a manger because Mary and Joseph had to return to Bethlehem to take part in a census. They ended up sleeping in a manger because there was no where else. Supposedly it wasn't a bad deal because at least the animals would keep you warm at night.

How much of the biblical story of Christmas makes sense? Was there actually a Roman census? Did people even have mangers? It seems like you could make the animals sleep outside in the Middle East. I realize its hard to verify the life of Jesus, but the whole thing has always seemed a little fishy.

2 Answers 2018-12-24

What kind of gifts did Romans exchange during Saturnalia?

1 Answers 2018-12-24

How long have we had medical terms for anxiety and panic attacks? Also, before they were socially accepted as a thing, what would people refer to these as and how was it treated? PTSD, ANXIETY, ect.

[deleted]

1 Answers 2018-12-24

Was the resistance to the Meiji Restoration realy about cultural preservation?

I have a few reasons to doubt this. One of them is the fact that daimyos and samurai had a lot to lose if the emperor were to consolidate meaningful power. Second, if you take a look at Hijikata Toshizo, one of the leaders of the resistance, he is dressed in pretty Western-looking garb. Furthermore, there were samurai who sided with the emperor; am I on to something?

1 Answers 2018-12-24

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