I know that both systems had similar class roles such as Japan's warrior class and the serfdom system in Europe, but in what other ways were they similar in terms of government, trade, land division, etc...?

Why did the Era of Good Feelings get its name and what part is James Monroe play in it? Was James Monroe really as influencial as we are taught?

For example, if a US general lived on federal land, could they have owned a slave?

Edit: comment below made me realize I should specify: I meant something like the iconic 1800's-(ish?) wagon that you would see in the game Oregon Trail and several movies. Not 1960s wagons

after the Russian civil war and the eventual defeat of the white army what happened to most of them and where did they go

Was sex back then just a normal activity to do in front of the kids? I can’t imagine there was time for any privacy with 8 kids and 2 parents sharing one bedroom together. Or did they send the kids to tend to the chickens when they wanted to get it on? I’m interested because we recently toured a national park in the Smokey’s and they had a couple of the original wooden one bedroom homesteads still standing today and they were isolated in the middle of valleys with the nearest neighbor nearly a mile away and a small school and a couple churches. I didn’t know if sex was a private act that they would be embarrassed to do in front of the kids, or due to little education and lack of societal pressure and rules that it was viewed as just a part of everyday life by both the adults and kids such as eating and no one really blinked an eye over mommy and daddy making the house shake 2 feet away from them.

I was watching a clip of Sen. Ben Sasse on Colbert, and he repeated an idea that I've heard countless times since forever:

"The Founders didn't have a vision of the world where people wanted to be in politics, move to DC, and stay there forever. You're supposed to think the place you're from is the most interesting place in the world. We use the term historically "public service," because you go to Washington to serve for a time then go back home. Right now most people in Washington, their biggest long-term thought is about their own incumbency."

As the audience did the obligatory applause for this feel-good truism, I realized that every Founder I could name off the top of my head was a lifelong politician with about 30 years working in federal politics and government.

Is there any truth to this notion at all? Certainly, it's wrong to say that Jefferson or Madison couldn't imagine it. Was that ever the "norm" for national politics? If it was merely an aspirational desire, was it ever acheived to any degree? And why did so many of them discard that ideal to further their own careers?

Are there any historical records of ancient or medieval people doing pull ups, dips, muscle ups, font levers etc..

Possibly a stupid question, but the whole toga thing from the Greeks avoids issues of closing things with buttons, and I'm very vague in my conceptions of clothing in the ancient Mediterranean basin, much less Gaul and Germania. Belts are a given, pins and broaches probably a necessity for cloaks and the like. But did they have buttons sewn into clothing?

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I'll narrow my question down to Russia proper, but specifically in the late Soviet period, ~1970-1990. I know people often got housing when they married, so what happened to the housing if they divorced? And for their children-was there a concept of custody sharing, or were mothers just responsible? Did fathers party child support?

Note: This question comes in a few parts.

We're just over a month away from 2019, two thousand and nineteen years since the birth of Christ.

As historians events are measured by BC and AD with BC counting down to the birth of Christ and everything after counting upwards.

1. Obviously before the birth of Christ civilisations weren't counting down to something as they would not know what they are counting down to so how did they deal with years on a calendar? Or did they not? Say, in Rome BC, what would they put as the date when writing a document and what event were the years in their calendars based off of?
2. How long after the birth of Christ did someone decide that that should be what we count our years from and how can we judge if this is accurate?
3. At what point after the birth of Christ did all Christian nations agree to change their calendar system?
4. How long did it take before the Gregorian calendar became the most widely used calendar?

Thank you

Note: the question of whether or not Jesus was real or not isn't the debate. I'm just interested in our calendar.

Third time lucky?

This comes in the context of my experience with Qing and later Chinese history, where there was a major shift in the late 70s to a more China-centred view especially as regards issues of causation. So I suppose as a secondary question, how has the view on why the Bakumatsu happened changed over time, and does this differ between the English- and Japanese-language writing?

I am asking about this as I am trying to make a board game about the Spanish Civil War but any sources that may be reliable happen to be in Spanish and I don't have time to translate the books line by line.