I once read that "The Sun never sets on the British empire." is it true? If so how were they able to do it?

Ancient being subjective, pretty much anything before modern medicine. 1920's American doctor's notes would be enough.

Living in a metropolis on the eastern seaboard, and being influenced by culture like the Great Gatsby, I always associate the Roaring 20s culture (flappers, wild balls, speakeasies, etc...) with basically New York City. I imagine things were different in more rural areas of the country, but I can't find much information on what it would have been like in, say, Milwaukee or Denver.

Hollywood has us believing that the commoners essentially were perma-drunk, drinking ale, wine, and liquor publicly and frequently. There are ideas of Roman decadence, or that the average commoner in medieval society essentially drank ale and wine over water on a regular basis(Shows like Vikings, Rome, etc). We even see stories about late 19th/early 20th culture pouring drinks over every conversation(ala Boardwalk Empire/Peaked Blinders)

I'm particularly interested in alcohol consumption before and during warfare, however. Were most of these pre-industrial wars fought with soldiers in a blackout or hungover? How did affect logistics and strategy. Or is the story of the band of soldiers glugging down ale and spirits the night before battle more of a Hollywood invention?

I'm writing a history paper, and im looking for specific reasons that I could write about in Genghis Khan and his reasoning for expanding into China, I'd love if you'd recommend an article or a book I could learn more of it about from, the mongols are quite interesting.

Reading up a lot about military vehicles, it's a trend that I've noticed. During WW2, while the US Navy was trying adopt a more capable naval fighter, the F4U Corsair was rejected for the slightly slower F6F Hellcat for its more forgiving controls. But during the war, the Marine Corp would make use of the F4Us with great success.

In Vietnam, while the US Army rejected the M50 Ontos, Marines used it to great effect, even when the vehicle was being phased out before the war had properly ended.

And more recently in Desert Storm, the Marines Corp was stuck with upgraded M60 Pattons, while the Army had already adopted the M1 Abrams. Since this seems to be a pattern, I'm a bit curious to know why this is the case.

The Major Generals song ("I am the very model of a modern major general") is pretty famous and it's clear that the Major General is something of a dunce, but I feel like I'm missing the societal context of the day that really sells it

What should I know about the time period to really "get" the song and its mockery?

I know the true flag of the CSA was not the Stars and Bars, but how did that flag become synonymous with the Confederacy?

'Rome' not romantic (sorry on my phone)

I know the idea of a fall of Rome is controversial nowadays, but let's assume I'm a slave to a roman citizen in the late 5th century ad. Does slavery end at some point? Was the fall of the western empire actually a victory for the slaves?

Specifically late 1800s to about 1910.

I know Whiskey was common but were there different brands available? What else? I cant seem to find a solid site with information and images on the history of alcohol in saloons.

Her context for this is that many of her (Latino) friends blame Columbus himself for many things he didn't do, like torture of the natives in Mexico, despite the fact that Columbus himself was never himself in Mexico. What she wants to know is how much of the stuff commonly attributed to Columbus was actually Columbus as opposed to generic Spanish colonists. That's why she's asking if he was ever a colonizer or had a ruling position.

She didn't ask about this next bit, but good biographies about Columbus would be appreciated, in English or in Spanish (she's fluent in both).

Hi,

Im currently taking a rigorous course and I don't get the history of German socialism or European socialism for that matter.

From my knowledge, the CM was written for the 1848 Revolutions but Communist parties didn't appear until much later.

What formed were unions and Social Democratic parties, why is that? I have a few notes on how Friedrich Engels thought Revolution was pointless and dangerous in Prussian Germany. This also leads into Bernstein's evolutionary socialism.

Basically, my question is why socialist parties weren't "extreme" and "anti-democratic" in the late 1800s? Most parties like the German SPD seemed firmly committed to parliamentary and democratic reform through elections and consensus despite being fully Marxist. I thought Marxism entailed a class struggle and violent revolution like all previous class relations?