Okay, let's try again. I'm not searching for examples and the question doesn't involve the history of the American continent.

I repeat: I'm basically trying to understand how could the New World have been discovered without Columbus, but since alternate history questions aren't allowed...

... I'd like to know what "Old World stuff" was going on around the American continent in that second half of the 15th century, before Columbus expedition. Which were the nearest Old World presences?

I remember reading about an Englishman in the 1800s, I think he was a philosopher or scientist, who went to India to observe a solar eclipse but on that particular day it was cloudy so he decided to stay in India for a few years and waited for the next one. He then returned to find out he had been presumed dead and his wife had remarried. Is anyone familiar with that story?

I've seen this argument posted way too many times on Reddit, and people (mostly American people) furiously believe that Nazi's were socialists because the word contains "Nationalsozialistische". During my history lessons however, I seem to recall that they weren't. My teacher told me the word was just used to convince others of their good intentions for Germany. I did some research on it myself but it seems to me they're just not a socialist party. Weren't they on the other side of the spectrum? (The right, instead of the left as some people claim)

Can I please get an in-depth answer about how this battle looked like, what led to it and what ended it. The more detailed the better, if it has been answered before, a link should suffice.

While Christianity was undoubtedly the dominant faith in Europe and had been for centuries by the later middle ages were there any pockets of old beliefs that had either wholly resisted conversion or had partially integrated in a kind of syncretic​ folk religion?

I have read that the Roman Senate was made up of ex magistrates, which makes sense because to qualify for any higher position they had to be a Quasetor first. However, does this mean that acting Quasetors could not vote?

Can someone explain to me how a bankrupt Germany was able to become almost a superpower (probably the strongest in Europe) after a complete default?

Hi, so my ageing mother has found a trove of information relating to her fathers (my grandfather) time in the Royal Navy.

We have a variety of medals, RN numbers etc etc

How or where can I use these details to find out more about the ships he served on and the locations and could I find out or create a time line of his time in the Navy?

Any help would be really appreciated.

Cheers.

I read that Gian Galeazzo, the first Duke of Milan in the 14th century, "had dreams of uniting all of northern Italy into one kingdom, a revived Lombard empire". He was able to conquer several cities in Northern Italy before dying. How close was he? Could he have claimed the medieval Kingdom of Italy if he had been successful? I know that the Holy Roman Emperor had de jure rule over the region and that the Kingdom was a constituent of the Empire. Would he have allowed it? What were his reactions to the Duke's endeavor?

We all know the "Just following orders" excuse but would German soldiers actually risk something serious by refusing to carry out orders?

I am, of course, talking about orders related to war crimes (Were war crimes an actual, formal and codified thing during WW2, by the way?)

Romans, or roman merchants at least, surely knew China was a thing and the Parthian were exploiting their position to re-sell silk and other precious resources to Rome at higher prices so, why merchant never did what Columbus did ? I mean, Phoenicians already knew how to navigate without being close to a coast so i believe romans knew too.

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Disclaimer I am not looking for this because I, in any way, shape, or form seek to relate more with Nazis or to emulate them or anything of the sort.

Anyways... I consider myself a WWII enthusiast... enthusiast may even be too strong, but I've read quite a few books on that time period and find it fascinating.

Lately, I've been wondering if there are any widely available books out there, in English, (my German is still very, very weak) that tell stories from the German soldier's side. I'm not looking for propaganda pieces (although those would be interesting), but more stories of battles and what not on the German side. I know the victors write the history books and all, but I'm hoping there's at least something out there that is reputable and at least some what well written.

Apologies if this isn't an appropriate question for this sub. Let me know if not and I'll move it. Thanks!

Hi, I'm wondering if anyone can tell me if there is any evidence that the writer Alexandre Exquemelin actually sailed with Sir Henry Morgan? I have read allusions to crew lists, but nothing concrete. Thanks!

If Abraham Lincoln was anti-slavery, not racist and a republican, and Andrew Johnson was pro-slavery, racist and a democrat. When did the roles switch(since generally, now, the racism tends to be accredited to the opposite parties)?

Thanks

I remember as a child going on a trip to a fort near Canadian and US border. There they said during the US civil war the forts prepared to defend against a British attack because they feared the British would side with the south in the name of the cotton trade or something similar

Is this true?

Is there any possibility the British would have attacked to secure cotton?

I like history and the first world war intrigues me. After playing the game Verdun I was wondering how artillery worked in the Great War.