What is the professional consensus on Adam Curtis and his series of documentaries (The Century of Self, The Power of Nightmares, etc.)?

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1 Answers 2017-05-08

Last weekend I was watching my sister's middle school production of the Sound of Music, and in it, Captain von Trapp went to Vienna for some sort of official business. What kind of official business would a Hapsburg naval officer have in 1920s-30s (landlocked) Austria?

1 Answers 2017-05-08

When formerly communist nations like the USSR became capitalist, what was the effect on the economy?

1 Answers 2017-05-08

(Request) Any advice for a young historian?

I recently graduated from university(US). My dream is to curate a museum but the problem is that I have no idea where to even begin. It seems as though a lot of the museums are staffed by volunteers, and I didn't put myself into crippling debt to work for free.

Any advice/suggestions?

1 Answers 2017-05-08

9th century Wales and two-handed axes

Odd question, I know, but in the rare images I've seen of Britons fighting invading Norsemen, the Welsh wielding a two-handed axe is persistent, at least enough for me to pick up on it. Was this a common thing? I'd always associated them with the huscarls and Scandinavians of later years, but these are depictions of the early invasions, when the Sons of Ragnar were still running amok. Follow up, if this was a thing, did the practice extend into the Hen Ogledd as well, or was it primarily a Gwynned/Glywissing/all the others in that area thing?

1 Answers 2017-05-07

When and why did modern medical school replace an apprenticeship system?

Further, medical school in the United States is a post-degree professional school, while in Europe is is most often structured as a multi-year university track begun after high school. What factors led to this divergence in medical education?

1 Answers 2017-05-07

Looking for, and Researching, Non-Jewish Zionist figures.

Hi, I am a leader at a Jewish youth movement and we are expanding our educational programs by including non-Jewish Zionist figures (or people who helped Israel in a big way) in our category of inspirational sources/ people

We have recently added John Henry Patterson to our list and are looking for more people like him.

It would be great for me, and for the movement, to learn about more non-Jewish zionists.

Many Thanks

TL;DR= Looking for names of Non-Jewish Zionists (or Israel supporters/ helped created the state of Israel).

1 Answers 2017-05-07

When people state that 'Castro killed thousands of people while Dictator of Cuba' what events or sequences of events are they actually referring to?

I often hear people exclaiming that Castro murdered thousands of political prisoners, and treated the population of Cuba very poorly. I know that he publicly executed notorious Batista sympathisers or Generals shortly after the revolution, however how many other people did he 'murder' and when/where did these 'murders' take place?

4 Answers 2017-05-07

If the Great Pyramid of Giza was built as a tomb for the Pharaoh, then why was the Sarcophagus in the King's chamber so roughly finished and left with visible saw marks?

how is it that the Great Pyramid was crafted with such precision, beautifully finished and decorated inside and out, and yet the Egyptians built the King's Sarcophagus looking unfit for a king and with visible tool marks ?

2 Answers 2017-05-07

How well did the the late Roman(Byzantine) emperors know their history?

For example, did Constantine XI know that the small empire he ruled had once been a Mediterranean spanning empire that was founded over 2000 years ago in Rome? I'm sure he knew that his empire had been way larger, controlling all of Grecce and Anatolia(and obviously Rome).

But did he know that Rome had once been a republic? Did he know about Carthage? Augustus? The fall of the west? I'm sure he knew about Constantine the great but other great emperors and statemen?

2 Answers 2017-05-07

Some scholars of Norse mythology have suggested that Freya's missing husband Óðr and Odin are the same person. Is there any mythological evidence to support this theory?

Obviously their names are similar, but Freya's husband is supposed to be missing and since she and Odin split the noble dead between their respective underworlds, she would have to know if Odin and and her lost husband are the same person, right? Is there any mythological basis to explain why some academics think this?

1 Answers 2017-05-07

What is this type of flagellantism a historical reference to?

To quickly clarify the image shown below is from a game, however the game is near entierly based of mythology. I ran a quick search on some names and all I found was a 'heretical' Christian offshoot from Russian , that whilst it was claimed that they were flagelents there is no proof. Often the names given for things in game are not directly related but similar - e.g. a German race being called Ulm, a German city. The creation of wings seems similar to the practice of removing the lungs of the dead out their back to make wings seems similar (sorry I can't name this practice). If you need anymore infomation do ask, and I will try and help. Sorry if this is in the wrong place. Link

1 Answers 2017-05-07

When did medicine first become what we would recognize as scientific (or "evidence based," to use the current buzzword)?

1 Answers 2017-05-07

Why did the U.S. decide to bomb civilian cities with atomic bombs rather than military targets during WWII?

I'm pretty sure the US even sent out flyers that said for people to move out of the cities before they bombed it. So why was a civilian city targeted instead of a military base? It would seem much more beneficial to bomb an enemy's military base/command center/whatever than a city.

2 Answers 2017-05-07

Does 'populism' always refer to right wing political movements, or is there left wing populism?

1 Answers 2017-05-07

What's the source of the idea that in the New World, white people who joined Indian tribes preferred to stay, but not vica versa.

I've read this idea before and just came across it again in Zinn's "A People's History of the United States."

"One fact disturbed: whites would run off to join Indian tribes, or would be captured in battle and brought up among the Indians, and when this happened the whites, given a chance to leave, chose to stay in Indian culture. Indians, having the choice, almost never decided to join the whites."

How accurate is this?

1 Answers 2017-05-07

What is going on in this caricature "What - Me again?" from december 1940?

I thought about it being Mussolini but it can't be right since the battle of Greece wasn't until 1941? It also wouldn't suit my theory of Mussolini being roughed up by his losses since he wasn't involved in the battles against Churchill. cartoon

source

1 Answers 2017-05-07

Yesterday, I read an Atlantic article published 15 years ago that raises the possibility that the Amazon is a cultural artifact. Has this view gained more traction since 2002?

(posting from mobile, apologies for bad formatting)

The article in question, 1491, offers a lot to chew on, and informs the reader if the on-going pre-Columbian contact population debate, raises the possibility that the "vast wilderness" was a result of mass dying by the "keystone" species (homo).

In this all, the possibility is raised that the Amazon is an enormous cultural artifact that was intentionally created, and only became the jungle wilderness we know them when the populations were wiped out by disease:

"Unlike Europeans, who planted mainly annual crops, the Indians, [Charles R. Clement] says, centered their agriculture on the Amazon's unbelievably diverse assortment of trees: fruits, nuts, and palms. "It's tremendously difficult to clear fields with stone tools," Clement says. "If you can plant trees, you get twenty years of productivity out of your work instead of two or three."

Planting their orchards, the first Amazonians transformed large swaths of the river basin into something more pleasing to human beings. In a widely cited article from 1989, William Balée, the Tulane anthropologist, cautiously estimated that about 12 percent of the nonflooded Amazon forest was of anthropogenic origin—directly or indirectly created by human beings. In some circles this is now seen as a conservative position. ...

.... "Landscape" in this case is meant exactly—Amazonian Indians literally created the ground beneath their feet. According to William I. Woods, a soil geographer at Southern Illinois University, ecologists' claims about terrible Amazonian land were based on very little data. In the late 1990s Woods and others began careful measurements in the lower Amazon. They indeed found lots of inhospitable terrain. But they also discovered swaths of terra preta*—rich, fertile "black earth" that anthropologists increasingly believe was created by human beings....

Not all Xingu cultures left behind this living earth, they discovered. But the ones that did generated it rapidly—suggesting to Woods that terra preta was created deliberately. In a process reminiscent of dropping microorganism-rich starter into plain dough to create sourdough bread, Amazonian peoples, he believes, inoculated bad soil with a transforming bacterial charge. Not every group of Indians there did this, but quite a few did, and over an extended period of time.

When Woods told me this, I was so amazed that I almost dropped the phone. I ceased to be articulate for a moment and said things like "wow" and "gosh." Woods chuckled at my reaction, probably because he understood what was passing through my mind. Faced with an ecological problem, I was thinking, the Indians fixed it. They were in the process of terraforming the Amazon when Columbus showed up..."

Has this view advanced any, or is it still viewed as a "radical" position, as indicated in the article? What discoveries or conclusions since 2002 have helped shape the outcome of this debate?

1 Answers 2017-05-07

Russian bias in Oliver Stone's "Untold History of the US", or just a non-American interpretation of events?

I started watching this series a few months ago, and I know it's just a series rather than a scholarly works, but I was amazed at the number of things it presented that are unpopular/we are typically not taught (best example I can think of is Henry Wallace and his contributions and personality as VP, which if this series is in any way trustworthy Wallace should be a much bigger name in US history and should receive much more praise than right now as he is relatively unknown).

I know Oliver Stone is not your typical director and does not make the typical Pro-American movies, but one thing that especially struck me as interesting was how sympathetically the series seems to portray Soviet Russia, at least in the first 5 episodes because that's how far in I am. It struck me as interesting because it seems that typically in American media Russia (Soviet and post-Soviet) is painted in a negative light, their contributions are not widely known to America, and neither are US transgressions against them. I grew up in Canada, so I am close enough to America to be familiar with American media but our history classes never highlighted Russian involvement in world events: we were always presented with more information and explanations about the American side of things. As for media, TYPICALLY in more popular blockbuster type movies Russia and Russians are the villains, OR if they are shown to be neutral, America is shown to be the hero on the right side of things and not much insight is provided into Russia's motives etc.

This show seems to do exactly the opposite: it shows America's transgressions, America's bad decisions, flaws in popular American historical figures etc, and it shows Russia's side of things, their motivations, their contributions, their perceived slights against them, etc. It does this for other countries too like Japan and Korea, but I presume due to Russia being a bigger key player in the world (?), the Russian information is a lot heavier. While it's refreshing to be viewing history without the Pro-American anti-Russian (or lack of Russian) tinted glasses, I can't help but feel that the Russian sympathy is a little too extreme, that although Russian/Stalin's atrocities are presented, they seem to be HEAVILY brushed off and overshadowed by a more sympathetic view.

Since I began watching this months ago I am unable to come up with examples of this but there are many. And unfortunately for me, I've JUST NOW forgotten the one example from a recent episode watched today that I was going to use in this post...so, I apologise for being unable to elaborate further. But my question is for anyone who's familiar with the series, is it showing Russia a little too sympathetically, or is that really just a perfectly valid interpretation of events?

1 Answers 2017-05-07

How have NASA astronaut requirements changed over time?

I am a history major and for one of my finals I am writing about the evolution of NASA astronauts from test-pilots to scientists. I wanted to be able to see exactly what the NASA requirements were for each astronaut group but so far I have only been able to find information about the current standards and the original Mercury requirements. Does anyone have access or know of a way for me to access documents such as these? If not, does anyone know the important changes that have been made and when they were made? Thank you in advance!

1 Answers 2017-05-07

What made Hypatia's ties to Orestes different from those of his other associates?

Orestes was an influential figure, and he had many ties in Alexandria - yet as far as I know, Hypatia was the only one of his associates who was targeted solely for her social ties to him.

Was there any particular reason it was her who was attacked, or did she just happen to be a convenient target?

1 Answers 2017-05-07

I was born in 1988. I hear keep hearing that the effects in the original Star Wars movies was unprecedented, but it's hard to imagine since I was born later. What was the standard of special effects in 1977 that made Star Wars so revolutionary?

2 Answers 2017-05-07

What is a good piece of literature for a book review in a college level history of Japan course?

The professor said it can be fiction, but still needs primary sources. He's given me some suggestions, but I like to run historical matters by this subreddit.

2 Answers 2017-05-07

In a TIL post someone comments that the British lied to the French about planning to withdraw by Dunkirk. Is there any truth to that?

"In 1940 France lost 100 000 men, fallen fighting against the Germans on the field of battle. The British lost about 1/10th of that, and half of those (5000) because the Luftwaffe sank one of the ships they were fleeing in. Churchill's cabinet had ordered that they abandon the fight and, to make this worse, hide it from and lie to their French and Belgian allies (so that these poor suckers would cover their retreat). Churchill even reassured the French leadership (when they noticed something was not quite right) that the British were not withdrawing and in it till the end. And, adding insult to injury, for morale reasons, British propaganda then blamed German victories on the French and Belgian lacking fighting spirit. Having Hollywood now making films to try and make the British look good and their unspeakable betrayal at Dunkirk heroic is just further bullshit added to insult to the injury. Oh and by the way, when the French leadership asked the USA to enter the war, they were told to fuck off. The USA would not enter that war until they were themselves attacked years later. US history books are of course chock full of references to French (who declared war on Hitler) appeasement of Hitler. :/ "

2 Answers 2017-05-07

This Week's Theme: Medicine

1 Answers 2017-05-07

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