I have heard Portugal really made huge technological, societal, economic and political moves that made them ground breakers and drivers of this trade, how is this the case?

All I've found so far is that they simply stopped fighting, but I am not sure why. Anyone can shed some light onto this?

I'm looking for high quality reference for Viking longships and I have trawled Google images and Pinterest without much joy of finding what I'm after, any help in this regard would be greatly appreciated.

I nean, you always see this grand battles in movies and series, and I wondered how long was this battles in real life? And how did the aoldiers/warriors managed to fight this long?

Thanks! (Really interested in this times)

I've read something, not quite sure where, hence my question. It said that once (I think about 50 thousand years ago) human population was as low as few thousand and was nearly extinct.

For me a few thousand is such a low number that I call bullshit. Can anyone confirm/ deny it? Point me to some works about such 'crisis'?

Or maybe was there a different time where human was close to extincion?

Given the protein requirements for a healthy (omnivorous) human diet and the caloric advantages of meat and animal products, what technological, agricultural, or economic advancements were required for people to incorporate ethical decision-making into their diets? When was it possible for veganism to exist as a larger movement? And are there cultures with a longer history of veganism?

Something I actually just noticed recently was that Lincoln's death was less than a week after the surrender at Appomattox. So recently that the idea that the Confederacy had been "defeated forever" must have seemed far from a concrete truth to its member states. Which made me curious, how was Booth viewed in the CSA in the days and weeks following Lincoln's death? Was he lauded as a savior, or was Andrew Johnson considered by most of the men in power as no better than having Lincoln?

Not a huge history buff myself but curious to learn more about this particular event. A lot of the details in this I don't recall hearing in school or elsewhere.

I would think that would set a good precedent which could encourage people like Kim Jong Un or Bashar Al Assad to consider that as an option, but the closest example I can think of is Pinochet, who was eventually prosecuted. Maybe Mobutu, but he died very shortly after his exile.

Alternatively, do any of the children of such dictators continue to live affluently off of the alleged proceeds of their parent's graft, free and clear so to speak... without threat of prosecution or civil forfeiture themselves.

In the Baroque Cycle (historical fiction), there's a scene where a politically connected young lord picks a fight with a trinity college steward attempting to stop his friend from bringing a prostitute on the grounds. The lord essentially forces the steward to duel him by threatening to kill him if he doesn't defend himself, promptly kills him, hides the body, and then extorts silence from the protagonist by pointing out, among other things, the impossibility of proving a murder and not a duel.

Were duels legal during this time period? And if so what stopped people from falsely claiming mutual combat after the fact when they had just murdered someone?

Let's say you specialize in Ancient Greek history, and live in the US and have zero familarity with, say, Southeast Asia. Supposed for whatever reason you need to get up to speed with the history of, say, Malaysia. Either for the purposes of giving a lecture in class, or for preperation for deeper studies in that area. How would you go about doing so? Ie how would you find and determine suitable books to read, which ones are worth their salt, the general state of Malaysian historiography etc. Also how long would it take to get up to speed etc.

I might state a few misconceptions here, but I am under the impression that Valhalla was the place where vikings that died in battle ended up. Male vikings. Norse women were not sent to raid, combat, etc. In Valhalla males had all the females that they wanted. So, I guess that I have three-part question:

1. What could Norse women do to live their afterlife in Valhalla?

2. If women could not go to Valhalla, how did the women that the men were awarded there spawn there?

3. How similar is the Norse mythology version of "women as an award in heaven" compared to the Islamic version?

Even in modern times, the Pacific Northwest is a heavily-forested region. Was long-distance travel common in previous centuries? Were there road networks for trade and travel in the region? Is there evidence of trade with other parts of North America or Mesoamerica?

When did the normal person wake up centuries ago? When did they go to sleep? I assume there would be a difference from rural people and urban, as well as rank in society, and the culture surrounding sleep and work. Which, I guess worded like that are the same factors for today.

What are the mechanics of the square formation (combined with sufficiently long spears of course, or sufficiently powerful and fast loading muskets) that makes the cavalry unable to penetrate it? Or is it simply the square versus the line concentrate enough combat power to stop the cavalry?

I checked the book list but I could only find the Malcolm Byrne book about Iran-Contra.

The answer doesn't have to be limited to books strictly about his presidency, although ideally it wouldn't just be about his childhood, either. Biographies are welcome, as is anything else primarily about the man himself.

I know a little bit about Reagan, which is to say I've heard the talking points on both sides and know the highlights of his time in office. I have Rick Perlstein's Invisible Bridge on my to-read shelf, which might be too measured to qualify for this question.

Thanks in advance.

You see most of the other European powers establish colonies why didn't Prussia and Austria-Hungary?