In Waugh's "Brideshead Revisited," the character Julia is depicted as smoking as a 19-year-old in 1923. Is this historically accurate? I know about "torches of freedom," but when and how did women in Europe start smoking?

1 Answers 2017-04-25

WW1 Trench Raiding

I had read on another post here a couple of weeks back that in larger trench raids, artillery was extensively used.

They described how the artillery would literally create a box of fire around the area that would be raided so that nobody could escape and no reinforcements could come in.

I have been wanting to read more about trench raiding and delved into many accounts, but could find no reference to this tactic being used.

Did this actually happen? If so, that would be insane.

1 Answers 2017-04-25

Did the indigenous people of Greenland ever interact with the Vikings

I know the Vikings had settled in there for a little while in Greenland but I never heard anything about them interacting with the indigenous greenlanders. Why is that did they not meet for some reason where they on different sides of Greenland or did they meet and how where they with other either was good or bad relations or so so?

P.S. sorry if I have bad grammar on phone.

1 Answers 2017-04-25

Why is the bundle of sticks and ax used to depict Fascism?

1 Answers 2017-04-25

Why was Freud so convinced that children sexually desired their parents?

Seriously, what the fuck? What is that even based on? Why was he so sure of himself making a ridiculous claim like that?

1 Answers 2017-04-25

When and why pink colour became a girlish colour?

Sorry if this was asked before.

2 Answers 2017-04-25

Victorian-era British explorers and the Royal Geographic Society

i recently read Thomas Pakenham's The Scramble for Africa: White Man's Conquest of the Dark Continent from 1876 to 1912 and i was completely fascinated. for 700+ pages i was enthralled by the tales of European explorers and military expeditions sent to map out and carve up vast swathes of Africa in the name of imperialism.

shortly afterwards i also read David Grann's The Lost City of Z: A Tale of Deadly Obsession in the Amazon (now a major motion picture!), which furthered my newfound interest and obsession with Victorian (or Edwardian) explorers.

i found the frequently starring role of the Royal Geographic Society in both of these books to be one of the most interesting parts, and my imagination ran away with itself thinking of meetings of now-famous explorers and naturalists meeting at 1 Savile Row, smoking cigars and drinking brandy over hand-drawn maps of foreign lands with ever-shrinking blank spaces. i am extremely interested in learning more about the RGS and its history, and particularly their contributions to science as well as their efforts to help expand the borders of the Empire.

part of my interest is admittedly less academic than it is romantic. from this subject i get the same feeling as i did as a child reading fiction like Rudyard Kipling's stories of colonial soldiers and big game hunters in the British Raj or even James Gurney's fantasy series Dinotopia. i want to feel the wonder and excitement of a 19th-century European 'discovering' the wonders of Africa, South America, and Asia for the 'first' time.

a few searches on Google and Amazon produces disappointingly few results, so i thought i'd turn to this lovely forum for further recommendations. i no longer have access to a university library, but i have had pretty good luck with my local municipal library's inter-library loan system, so hopefully i'll be able to find a copy of anything that is suggested.

3 Answers 2017-04-25

How did Queen Elizabeth I go from being hell-bent on killing Mary, Queen of Scots to naming her son James as her successor?

1 Answers 2017-04-25

How were people in the middle ages able to build such massive cathedrals without an understanding of modern physics?

I watched this (quite good) video on Reims Cathedral, and I was reminded how I'm constantly blown away by the structures that peoples before the early modern period were able to build. What was engineering like in the time that this cathedral was built? How did they figure out what supports would be needed for a given weight? When were these techniques developed, were they perhaps inherited from the days of the Roman Empire or transmitted by the Byzantine Empire?

1 Answers 2017-04-25

At what point did the Byzantines consider territories lost to the Arabs (Syria, Egypt, etc.) to be "permanently lost"?

The territory of the Byzantine Empire fluctuated heavily throughout its history 1, and it engaged in periods of both heavy territorial loss and conquest in Italy, the Balkans, and Anatolia. But at what point did they "give up", so to say, on the idea of reconquering Levantine and African territories lost to the Arabs? Did they ever?

1 Answers 2017-04-25

Why do countries no longer conquer other countries?

Since humans began to settle around 10,000 years ago there seems to have been large empires almost continuously, with Greeks, Romans, Ottoman, British...etc in the west and various Chinese dynasties, the Huns, Japanese and so on in the East. In addition various countries have been invaded or have attempted to have been invaded, such as with various Spanish excursions to Britain, or Germany in WWI/II. There is also the colonisation of Africa/Americas. It seems to be a mainstay.

Why did this seem to stop in the 20th century? The last empires (Ottoman, British, Japanese, USSR) ended, and although countries are invaded (e.g. Gulf war) it is not for the same purpose of expanding territory. Guesses I would make would be the rise of government and the fall of monarchies across the world, most land if not all discovered and claimed such that colonisation was impossible, and the effort needed in particular in WWII a huge strain on the powers that used to do the conquering coupled with sacrifices made by countries belonging to empires that helped earn them their independence.

1 Answers 2017-04-25

Is there any evidence that an 'alternative facts' style situation was occurring in the 1930s?

We know Hitler was a master of embroidering events for their propaganda value, eg, the death of Horst Wessel, the Reichstag fire, and then there was the whole dubious 'stab in the back' theory about the end of World War One.

But are there other examples in other countries, and other sides of politics, where faked stories gained widespread acceptance? And did this lead to a revision of how news was processed or presented after 1945?

1 Answers 2017-04-24

Why was it called the "Army of NORTHERN Virginia"?

Why did they specify Northern Virginia when, as far as I can find, there was no Confederate Army of Virginia nor an Army of Southern Virginia?

2 Answers 2017-04-24

What was the first meme?

2 Answers 2017-04-24

Can you guys help me come up with ideas for this Islamic History essay about caligraphy?

Here is the topic: What is the role of calligraphy (writing as art) in the objects presented in the galleries in the Met?? How prevalent is it, how widely does it appear, what kinds of objects does it appear in or on (or not)--and why is this happening?

I am suppose to get 3 topics and write 6 pages about them to answer the prompt. I have 2 so far: In islam, imagery is forbidden and considered creationism, which is why islamic artists use calligraphy AND that god said not to eat out of gold/silver plates/pottery, so islamic artists put arabic writing in it. I don't what else to write about. Can you historians help me out? Thanks :)

3 Answers 2017-04-24

The only survivors of the HMS Hood's sinking were in the crow's nest. What about the sinking caused this to happen?

1 Answers 2017-04-24

How did people show their ID such as age, citizenship, etc. in the United States before the driver's license was made?

1 Answers 2017-04-24

How did people show their ID such as age, citizenship, etc. before the driver's license?

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1 Answers 2017-04-24

What were the richest European sovereignties from the 10th Century to 20th Century?

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1 Answers 2017-04-24

Meta: Mods and other historians on here, what's the biggest thinking error not addressed in AskHistorians' rules that you see commenters here making most often?

Apologies if this is a question that would only be appropriate on a particular day.

I'm appreciative of this sub so much because the final answers are brilliant and the Mods ruthlessly enforce the rules and remove rule-breaking comments. These curated comments are teaching me how much I didn't know about how professional historians weigh and reason about evidence. I can tell that by comparison I'm making tons of errors along these lines, and I can't even tell exactly what the errors are. I can just sense that I'm making different judgments than the experts, at least until I read their explanations and they sway me. This makes me wonder what errors you professionals and other learned historians notice the rest of us making in our comments. what do you all understand that we don't get?

5 Answers 2017-04-24

When the Nazis and the Soviet Union both invaded Poland in 1939 and then partitioned it between them, did Poland in effect temporarily cease to exist as a nation? Or was the German-administered "Generalgouvernement" considered to *be* Poland under a different name?

1 Answers 2017-04-24

Did they file off the nazi symbols on guns after WW2?

My dad has a p38 luger from ww2. He told me the nazi symbols were filed off before he came into possession of the gun. There are indeed signs of markings that were filed off. I just want to know if it's authentic and they actually did file off the nazi symbols on guns.

1 Answers 2017-04-24

WW2 Tanks - British/Soviet Commander Hatch machineguns?

Something I've never seen in any WW2 games, photos, movies, tv shows etc is any sort of machinegun mounted on British or Soviet tanks for the Commander to use, yet i've seen plenty of examples for American and German tanks. Were they not really something they used, or have i just not come across any examples?

1 Answers 2017-04-24

How could men serve in WW2, Korea, and Vietnam?

Ok, so this question has been bothering me for a while, and i haven't been able to find an answer.

If a man born in 1922 (just an example, don't know if it even is possible) and he served in all three wars, how is that possible?

Weren't there requirements for soldiers?

Did they have to be a specific age?

Did they only have to be fit for service?

Did he have to be a specific rank?

Thanks in advance. And sorry for my horrific english and grammar, i hope y'all can forgive me.

1 Answers 2017-04-24

When did legitimate experts in any subject begin to appear? Is there someone that is regarded as "the first expert"?

1 Answers 2017-04-24

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