An anthropologist told me they national identity did not exist before the modern age, but I did read in some articles that many historians do not think that this is true.

So I wanted to know what is your take on this.

The former East Germany did not maintain any diplomatic relations with Israel, nor did they offer to repay Holocaust reparations, all relations and reparations went only through West Germany.

Why? How was East Germany able to avoid any reparations and allowed West Germany to bear full costs? How, too, were they able to avoid any type of diplomatic missions or relations with each other for over 40 years?

Thanks for any info and insight.

I'm sure Mark Twain asking this question is closer to euphoric shit posting than anything else , but I'm curious. Has the idea of universal salvation been extended to Satan, particularly in Medieval theology? Does the idea of Satan as a sinner or "fallen angel" predate Milton?

History is a very large subject area, as there is a history of most if not all subjects e.g. mathematics, economics, geography, politics, music, art, language, science, history etc.. Do you think there should be more collaboration between experts in these fields and historians to help understand/analyse the history of these fields?

Hi. So, my sister owns a Civil War-era home and renovated it not too long ago. In the process, she found a bunch of old newspapers. The overwhelming majority of them are from the turn of the 20th century (there appears to be several from the same date: January 8th, 1908).

I'd upload pictures of what I'm about to refer to, but the papers are not in good shape and it's extremely difficult to handle them without them falling apart - I have to carefully turn them to read them, so pictures wouldn't be much use.

Anyhow, there's about 10 separate papers from between 1906-1908 and every one mentions something about Japanese emigration to the US and vice-versa. Due to the state of the newspapers, I'm not able to discern what the issue exactly was but they're all in the negative and discuss this or that person warning Japan about immigrants, the threat of the Japanese (especially regarding their navy) or vice versa. Beyond that, there's several excerpts talking about the US Navy in contrast to the Japanese "threat". I'll comment with specific passages in a minute - it'll take me a minute to transcribe them.

So, my question is this: why do these American newspapers from 1906-08 seem preoccupied with Japan and Japanese immigration and casting Japan in an especially "dangerous" light? What were the circumstances causing this apparent controversy and diplomatic contest between the US and Japan from that time?

It is my understanding that Japan was an ally in the First World War and I wasn't aware that the US had a pissing contest with Japan at the turn of the century, but they apparently had enough of an enough of an issue to be an omnipresent topic in these newspapers.

Fascists (amongst others) fervently linked Jews with Communism (e.g. the Jewish-Bolshevik threat). Where did this idea come from? Karl Marx was Jewish, however Engels was not. Furthermore the stereotypical caricature of Jewish people during the rise of Fascism was typically middle class, not part of proletariat. How then was the link made between people who were called (paraphrasing here) "nationless parasites" or "banksters pulling the strings behind the curtain" to being a fundamental part of a movement that argues for the means of production to be held by proletariat?

I'm writing a small assignment on Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester and his role in the tensions of the mid 15th Century (it's not graded, it's more to show we understand what we're learning). I'm sure I remember reading somewhere that Jacqueline of Hainaut was related to the Dukes of Burgundy and when Gloucester and Jacqueline divorced (or had the marriage annulled) and Gloucester married Eleanor Cobham, that it was partly responsible for Burgundy realigning with France. Unfortunately, I can't find where I read it and am running out of search terms to look online for evidence!! Can anybody clarify? Or did I make it up?

Edit: Sorry, I should point out one of the reasons I'm confused is that I think Gloucester fought against the Duchy of Burgundy whilst trying to gain Jacqueline land in her home country? So they should already be against him and not really care if he divorces her....

So, before I make a fool out of myself, I am going to tell you guys the truth, I know nothing about history, and just recently got interested in reading. My brother said Russia lost the most soldiers in WW2 vs Hitler, so I would like to learn about this specifically, by reading about it in a book.

Thanks a lot.

If this is the wrong subreddit to post this, please let me know, also, let me know where I should post this, thanks again.

"The fate of the Jews of Jerusalem was no less atrocious [than the fate of Muslims]. During the first hours of battle, some participated in the defence of their quarter, situated on the northern edge of the city. But when the part of the city walls overhanging their homes collapsed and the blond knights began to pour through the streets, the Jews panicked. Re-enacting an immemorial rite, the entire community gathered in the main synagogue to pray. The Franj [sic] barricaded all the exits and stacked all the bundles of wood they could find in a ring around the building. The temple was then put to the torch. Those who managed to escape were massacred in the neighbouring alleyways. The rest were burned alive."

--Amin, Molouf: 'The Crusades through Arab Eyes'

I have an interest in internet and computer history, less about the hardware and more on the side of how communities like BBS, forums and Usenet operate. Can you guys provide any good starting points on where to go regarding this?

I know, this might be a stupid question, but I only know about see-battles from pirate-movies (like Pirates of the Carribean) or such games (AC: Black Flag). But how did naval battles look like, before the ships were equipped with cannons? Did they still try to sink the enemy ships, but with ballistas and catapults? Or did they try to board the enemy ship and kill the other soldiers? Thanks for your help!

Are they still entitled to U.S. citizenship?

Is it because we have no written/archaeological evidences of a civilization in pre-literate Southern India? The classical "sangam" literature of the Tamils purportedly traces its origin all the way back to 9000 BC. Are their claims purely mythical and exaggerated or is there substantial evidence pointing towards societies/empires back then that simply get neglected in popular discourse?

I am an undergraduate History student writing my thesis on the superwomen stereotype that emerged in the 1970s and 1980s and was wondering if anyone had any source/ historiography recommendations on woking women during 1960-1980, women in management and leadership roles, and/ or the ’superwoman’ stereotype. Thanks!

My Great-Grandmother and her sister are the only one's of the family line who survived the Armenian Genocide (as a 9 year old and as a 5 year old respectively) and my Great-Grandmother wrote about it extensively before she passed 15 years ago. Further, my Grandmother was born in Syria and emigrated to the U.S. before World War II. She has also written her story. Are they preservable as family memories or as something more?

It would seem to me that suicide in a tribal/community-based species is the one of the most counter-productive actions a member could take, considering the interdependence that exists within societies of that kind. Also, I'd assume that conceiving and following through with suicidal thoughts requires a degree of autonomy and self-awareness that is uncommon in the animal kingdom. I want to say that I've seen articles about suicidal behavior seen in dogs and dolphins, but I feel that those cases could either be just anecdotal/inaccurate, or they occurred only because the specific animals in question were not a part of packs or groups that interdependence would have existed in (domesticated dogs obviously don't belong to any such group, and iirc the dolphin was in captivity without a pod).

Is there a simpler answer to this that I'm not seeing? If there was a distinct turning point in humanity's ability to commit suicide, when was it? Or has suicidal behavior been observed observed for as long as we can tell? Is there even a way to find this out?

I.e.: "mother Russia" , America and "her" allies,

I know Loazi more or less founded the religion/philosophy and I know the basics tenants of wuwei, but it's so full of contradictions I have a hard time understand what they really believe.

For example one of their sayings is "A Dao does nothing yet achieves everything."

Modern English people are descended from Angels, Saxons, Normans, Frisians, and Jutes. Would the majority of this ancestry Be Saxon though? Would Normal English people have More Saon ancestors than ancestors of any other sort? Genetically what group of people would modern English people be predominantly represented in the modern English genepool? Does it make sense to call Darwin or Newton Saxons in terms of descent and DNA?

Follow up question: if this is at all true, what do you think we're in for over the next 10-15 years?