When you are arrested and booked today in the United States, you are entitled to a phone call. What was this process like prior to the widespread use of telephones?

Was watching a TV show wherein someone got arrested in early 19th century USA. They showed the authorities apprehending the man, and then cut to him sitting in a jail cell. Got me wondering what would happen in between. How would he contact someone, like a lawyer or a family member? Also, what would the timeline be like between arrest and trial?

1 Answers 2017-01-08

Do we have recipes for the fermented chocolate drink favored by the Maya?

In intro archaeology courses we talked about the importance of cacao as tribute/tax, it's use in ritual and ceremonial contexts, and even it's trade into the U.S. Southwest. I'm interested in learning more about the chocolate drink, and even, if possible, how to prepare a modern approximation.

Do we have information on how the Maya made the chocolate drink? Have we been able to guesstimate different recipes either through residue analysis, or through written/ethnohistorical sources? Anyone attempted to make this themselves?

Thanks in advance!

2 Answers 2017-01-08

Why did Robert Oppenheimer stop a petition signed by 155 scientists urging President Truman not to attack Japan with nuclear weapons from being circulated?

This is the same Robert J. Oppenheimer that gave the famous interview quoting the Bhagavad-Gita https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n8H7Jibx-c0 and seemingly almost beside himself with remorse. If he felt like this during the interview, was he always against the project? I suspect he was, so if it's true that he was always against the idea of creating weapons of mass destruction, why would he attempt to bury a petition to stop their use? And I suppose, further, why would he agree to work on an operation like the Manhattan Project in the first place?

2 Answers 2017-01-08

What are some often overlooked long-term effects of WW 1 on Europe?

Hello, I'm currently taking a European-centric history class and we're in the process of discussing the period of WW 1 atm and its aftermath.

While it is apparent to me that WW 1 had a destabilizing political, economic, social, and psychological impact on almost all aspects of life in Western Europe. I am wondering if there are any specific long-term effects that is unpopular or often overlooked. I really enjoy reading primary sources/personal accounts of people who lived in a particular time as they help me to grasp the situations they were faced with as opposed to reading a list of facts, so it would be cool if there are any primary sources out there you could point me to. One of the readings I've enjoyed is this, http://www.historymuse.net/readings/Remarque.html. Last follow up, I was wondering if there any other free databases I could access like SSRN, but for history. I'm used to going through SSRN for some papers for my business classes, so I'm not that familiar with what databases are good for history.

2 Answers 2017-01-08

Why was the word "knot" so inexplicably popular in 1943?

Here is the Google Ngram. A quick check shows that the effect holds up for "knots" as well. Although you do see things like this fairly often in earlier ngram years (small sample size) this seems unordinary for something as recent as 1943.

1 Answers 2017-01-08

Camille Paglia claims that a "mania for the androgynous" is characteristic of the pre-collapse stages of civilisations, pointing to Greece and the Roman Empire as examples, and argues that parallels can be drawn with today's transgender movement. How true is her assertion?

Were the last days of Rome and Greece marked by mass societal androgyny in the arts and beyond? If so, is this a phenomenon restricted to classical civilisations or can it be identified elsewhere?

3 Answers 2017-01-08

Are there any sources for the Liechtenstein Army story about them going to war with 80 soldiers and coming back with 81?

I keep seeing it posted on reddit, and the only source I can find online is this thing from Lonely Planet in a trivia section, and that hardly seems academic

1 Answers 2017-01-08

Why was the SA and SS allowed/accepted in Germany before Hitler ultimately took power in 1933?

1 Answers 2017-01-08

Immediately after the Chernobyl nuclear meltdown, did the Soviet Union introduce radioactive cows into the food supply?

A programming urban legend features a coder who worked at a Soviet train station. The computer at the station inexplicably crashes on a predictable timescale; upon investigation, the coder discovers that the crashes occur when cows are shipped through the station. Further investigation reveals that intense radiation from the cows causes the computer to crash.

Is this story true or plausible? Did the USSR introduce radioactive food into the food supply?

1 Answers 2017-01-08

Could anyone one who's familiar with the subjects suggest any good books on both the Norman Conquest of England and on the Doomsday Book?

1 Answers 2017-01-08

Why does Wikipedia claim that the Roman Provence of Lusitania wasn't disestablished until 891?

I came across the Wikipedia article for the Roman province of Lusitania, and the article states that the province wasn't disestablished until 891. I was wondering if this was a typo, or this province somehow managed to outlast the western empire for a few hundred years.

Link to article: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusitania

1 Answers 2017-01-08

This week's theme: Drinks

2 Answers 2017-01-08

To what extent is the idea that Germany was crushed by the terms of the 1919 peace settlement a myth?

I was always taught that the terms imposed by the Western Allies on Germany after World War I had a humiliating and destructive effect on the German economy and civil society but after reading some of Gerhard Weinberg’s A World At Arms: A Global History of World War II this view has been challenged. He writes: “that Germany had been terribly crushed by the peace settlement, that all manner of horrendous things had been done to her, and that a wide variety of onerous burdens and restrictions imposed upon her by the peace had weakened her into the indefinite future” is really a “popular delusion”. So is the traditional view a myth? If so, how did it become so entrenched in popular knowledge and, finally, what role realistically did the terms of the settlement play in the rise of Nazi Germany?

1 Answers 2017-01-08

What are you reading right now?

What historical book/publication are you reading at the moment? Would you recommend it?

I'm reading The Korean War: A History by Bruce Cumings. I would definitely recommend it. It's challenged a lot of assumptions about the war that I was taught in high school and has helped me start to understand relationships in NE Asia a little better.

3 Answers 2017-01-08

Why did the Nationalist Government of China under Chiang Kai-Shek not attract the favour of the Axis while the Empire of Japan did?

I'm talking about the period of WW2 and the Chinese Civil War here. Why is it that the Axis, i.e. the Rome-Berlin Axis, choose to favour Japan over China? While I get that these two powers were at war with each other, what precisely was it that made the Axis choose Japan over China? What advantages did Japan bring to their side that China could not? China has a larger resource pool, was very anti-Communist, and bordered the USSR, so might have even been able to put pressure on Stalin in the East. What did Japan have to offer instead?

1 Answers 2017-01-08

Did Otto Von Bismarck try to integrate Switzerland or Austria into Germany?

1 Answers 2017-01-08

Why are certain planes used in specific areas during WW2

What was the purpose of using different planes in different areas during wars? An example would be Corsairs being used on the Pacific front, while Mustangs and Thunderbolts were used in Europe.

1 Answers 2017-01-08

A question about nazi uniforms

So I was watching a documentary and saw this man http://m.imgur.com/GUFm19z he has some type of backwards cap that I've NEVER seen before and I watch a ton of ww2 stuff. Can of you historians identify it for me. I've been looking around and it appears to be a backwards basic tank cap but people didn't wear hats backward back then?

2 Answers 2017-01-08

Did other colonial empires (France, Spain, Netherlands, Germany) adopt Imperial Preference systems similar to Britain?

Imperial Preference referring to the low tariffs between the UK and her colonies which was abandoned after World War 2. Did other colonial empires adopt similar policies?

1 Answers 2017-01-08

Is there any evidence to support the theory that the Great Famine in Ireland was a form of genocide perpetrated by the British?

1 Answers 2017-01-08

Congratulations to the Winners of the /r/AskHistorians 'Best of 2016'!

With the polls now closed, I am pleased to announce the winners of our 'Best of 2016' Contest here on /r/AskHistorians.

Taking First Place is /u/sunagainstgold, who answered /u/LukeInTheSkyWith's question "Would a crew of a ship departing from Venice in the 14th century towards Middle East have any plans ready in case they encounter a leviathan on their route?".

In Second Place is /u/robbyslaughter, for their response to /u/Skippy_McFitz's "Why is Liechtenstein?".

Rounding out Third is /u/commiespaceinvader 's answer for /u/kenrot, to "Why is historical revisionism a crime in certain countries?".

I'd like to be the first to congratulate the winners, the nominees, and extend a hearty thank you to everyone who contributed to /r/AskHistorians this past year!

For previous 'Best Ofs', please check out our Wiki.

9 Answers 2017-01-08

Did Joan of Arks group of cloistered confidants consist of a pedaphile or is that just hearsay? If this turns out to be a stupid question, I understand.

I read somewhere (probably Wikipedia) that one of Joan's bodyguards and close confidantes was a pedaphile, rapist, and murderer. To the point where he would kidnap young boys, rape them, then kill them and dismember them to cover up the evidence. If this is just a conspiracy theory of some wack historian, that would make sense. But if there is a dark secret in Joan of Ark's close group of body guards and fighters, wouldn't it make sense to cover it up? I mean, wouldn't they want that to remain a secret. I mean, say that they discovered this only recently, even from accounts later discovered, would this affect Joan's "mythology" that seemed to surround her?

1 Answers 2017-01-08

What aspect of greek culture made Romans view it as effeminate?

I've seen multiple people on this site as well as in books (such as Lost to the West) explain how the west viewed the Eastern Roman Empire as Greek, and as such effeminate (I can look up some examples of this if people would like me too). So as the title states, I'm curious what aspect of greek culture was deemed effeminate.

1 Answers 2017-01-08

Why did the Ottoman Empire fail to conquer Persia?

2 Answers 2017-01-08

Historiography question: feminist history vs history of women?

I'm wondering if anyone on here would be able to direct me towards an article (preferably) or something written on the conflict between traditional feminist history versus just general histories of women. I'm trying to elucidate if there is an accepted difference as some feminist histories can overlook capitalism, middle/upper class women and can anachronistically interpret oppression but I can't find anything brief on it. I personally come down on the side of history of women, rather than feminist history but I am finding it difficult to articulate.

1 Answers 2017-01-08

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