I am curious as to what would happen if someone accused you of a grave crime (think life imprisonment now in the US) but it was in Turtle Island (pre-European contact) so present day United States and Canada is my question. I have read quotes from Native American leaders about how if someone did not have food or shelter, generally it would be provided. Europeans constructed prisons in North America, why didn't First Nations have prisons the way we think of a British or French 15th-18th century prison? Did Indigenous people pre-contact hold trials? How were POWs treated? Were unacceptable war crimes even a consideration? Was age of consent? Age of fitness for war? For trial? Is criminal responsibility through mental illness a mitigating factor? Would you even have a chance to list mitigating factors in a defense? If I'm accused can I consult someone or hire them to argue for me like a lawyer? If the answer is specific to the Great Lakes region, even better.

As in, is there any actual evidence that the "Roman Salute" was really Roman?

I’m not very well versed into this subject but I constantly here that all FDR had to do was wait which I’m really wondering how much backing there is to this. Sorry if this is a common question/ one that could just be googled.

I've seen several references to a letter posted on the board of a US transport ship with this text:

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A MESSAGE OF THANKS

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FROM: MARINES ABOARD THE USS REPULSIVE

TO OFFICERS AND MEN OF THE USS REPULSIVE 1

. IT GIVES US ENJOYMENT TO EXTEND OUR THANKS TO MEMBERS OF THE CREW FOR THEIR KIND AND CONSIDERATE TREATMENT DURING THIS CRUISE.

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2. WE NON-COMBATANTS REALIZE THAT THE BRAVE AND STALWART MEMBERS OF THE CREW ARE WINNING THE WAR IN THE PACIFIC. YOU NAVY PEOPLE EVEN GO WITHIN TEN MILES OF A JAPANESE ISLAND, THEREBY RISKING YOUR PRECIOUS LIVES. HOW COURAGEOUS YOU ARE! HOW OUR PILES BLEED FOR YOU.

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3. BECAUSE OF YOUR ACTIONS DURING THIS VOYAGE IT IS OUR HEARTFELT WISH THAT: A. YOU RECEIVE A JAP TORPEDO AFTER DEBARKATION OF ALL MARINES. B. THE CREW OF THE USS REPUGNANT ARE STRANDED ON THE BEACH WHERE WE MAY REPAY IN SOME MEASURE THE GOOD FELLOWSHIP EXTENDED BY YOU DURING THE VOYAGE

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4. IN CONCLUSION WE MARINES WISH TO SAY TO ALL YOU DEAR, DEAR BOYS IN THE NAVY: "UP YOURS!"

Now-i'm assuming that the USS Repulsive mentioned here, wasn't the actual ship name, and was rather an insulting reference to the ACTUAL ship name. Whoever, while i can find several references to the letter itself, i can't find anything about what ship the letter was actually posted on. It seems that the letter was posted on a transport bound for Peleliu-i've tried coming up with a list of transports involved, but so far haven't found any actual lists anywhere.

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Mainly, what i'm interested in are the circumstances leading to the letter-what did the sailors do? Was behavior like that common? What, if any, reactions did it receive, and what changes arose from those?

I find this really interesting and want to learn more. Any help is appreciated, thanks!

As I know it, protectionism (protecting domestic markets from foreign trade) is a form of isolationism, that is the opposite of imperialism. Why did McKinley pass McKinley's tariff if he advocated for imperialism? Thanks.

I've already read (skimmed) "Beauvoir and her Sisters" by Sandra Reineke (as well as her "Border Crossings" article from 2009) and "Only Paradoxes to Offer" by Joan Scott, but I've failed to find much about abortion practices during the eighteenth and nineteenth century beyond the quick mention of the French Revolution and the 1810 law in the Napoleonic code. I've also read I know this might be a little too niche to find anything on this specific topic, but really anything that has a good summary of abortion practices in France prior to the twentieth century, even if it's just a chapter or two.

Thank you so much in advance from a future (wannabe) historian! :)

Hello, I like 17th century military history.

I've been reading John Lynn's book and I have a question.

In the 17th century, especially during the reign of Louis XIV, which was more important in the field, cavalry or infantry?

I thought that infantry was more important than cavalry in the field after the Battle of Pavia, but what I know is different from the facts of warfare in the late 17th century?

I might have some dates wrong in my head, but I recall reading somewhere that in at least one Saga, Odin and the Aesir were explained to be an actual historical tribe, with Asgard being where they settled after fleeing Roman expansion. Is this actually attested anywhere, or am I just repeating an unsourced and unsupported claim? Anything I try to look into regarding connections between Odin and Rome focuses on the worship of Wotan in Germania, rather than how Rome shaped Scandinavian mythology, which is what I'm looking for.

I realize that this definitely sounds like a modern construction trying to weave together popular historical civilizations, which is why I doubt my memory of it.

Why were these phenomena (and the city of Troy itself) thought of as only myths, and what evidence led to them being accepted into historical canon? Are there any mythological phenomena currently that have mounting evidence towards their historical existence?

We hear a lot about the United State's methods of protecting the public in case of a nuclear attack (building fallout shelters, production of a vast number of public information films, 'duck and cover' etc.), but what was it like for the public in Russia? Were their methods of protection the same or vastly different? And how did the government actually spread this information to the public?

Given how pervasive the term is even in medicine today, I'm curious how true it is.

Specifically, I'm asking about whether Purdue actually came up with the term in this context—not whether the term is scientifically accurate.

This is a question about the history of the Italian education system: I recently noticed that in Italy, High School is expected to last 5 years (14-19) instead of the "usual" 4 years (14-18) as in the U.S or in other E.U countries. Why so? Was there a time when Italy had a 4 year H.S?

Thank you!

It seems like that would be a hard detail to spot while being bombed in the middle of the night. Did the Soviets tell them the identity of their pilots? Or is the origin of the nickname actually Soviet in origin?

Ancient texts talk about root canals, skin grafts and all types of fundamental medicine but why is it we don't have any old texts about people coming back from war damaged. Even if they didn't know about brain chemistry or the like, surely people would pick up on the repeated symptoms over thousands of years.

I know that she’s known as the 9 day queen but when referencing by name it’s always Lady Jane grey, not Queen Jane or Jane I

I know she could have chosen another name but that’s besides the point

I have heard that it was debated whether she was actually coronated but I’m pretty sure Edward VIII wasn’t and he’s referred to with a royal title.