Mainly, how exactly were Allies supposed to determine who was guilty of war crimes, and who was merely ''following orders''? Were they as just as possible, or were the Nuremberg Trials really more of a farce?

From what I've read and watched, it seems like Israelis first dealt with the Egyptians in Gaza and Sinai, along with their masterful destruction of Egyptian air force. Then, they dealt with the Jordanians in the West Bank, and only after that with the Syrians in Golan Heights. My question is: why the Syrians didn't attack the same day Israelis swept into Sinai? It would put a significant strain on Israel, whose existence all but depended on swift victory.

Japan had a period where no outsides where allowed in, except the dutch. And while that's interesting in itself, I only now realized the incredible distance between them by boat. The dutch sailors would have to go around the entierety of africa just to reach the western edge of asia.

Is there any German perspective of survivors regarding the D-Day battle? This movie has become romanticized in Americana

I looked at the faqs and the sub rules but couldn't find anything specifically forbidding or permitting reading recommendations so I hope this isn't out of bounds.

I've recently learned a bit about the Mali Kingdom and other empires in sub saharan African like the Songhai and would like to learn more but am wary of reading biased material.

I'd rather read books without a narrative if possible and it doesn't matter how specific or broad the subject is. Please help me expand my historical horizons?

I am a Muslim currently doing research into Shariah, specifically how it could be used in cases of income inequality and such. I've come across reports regarding how supposedly, the first Caliph Abu Bakr (r.a.) instituted an annual, universal income of ten dirhams for every man, woman and child, later increased to twenty dirhams before ultimately being discontinued in 720 AD. The Wikipedia page for Islamic socialism goes further, claiming that the early Islamic caliphates instituted various things including food stockpiling, unemployment insurance, retirement pensions, annual food rations among others.

The problem is, I can't seem to find much beyond a handful of sources such as the ones cited in the Wikipedia article and government programs like those seem rather grand and sophisticated for a state back then. Is there anyone who can corroborate these claims? Thank you. Jazaak Allaahu khayran.

Lodz was famous for having electricity and functioning restaurants virtually the day the war ended. This was almost unknown in the rest of Poland. How did they manage to protect so much infrastructure, resources, and population? What went right for them that went wrong so much elsewhere?

Including submarines as well. Honestly, something that read like a bunch of more in-depth wikipedia articles would be great

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Was Stalin actually paranoid, did he have sufficient cause? To what degree was he so, or was he at all?

Thank you.

I just read that within two weeks of gold's discovery at Bonzana Creek in the Yukon that the entire creek had claims laid to it. Is there a specific rationale as to why this happens? Given the remote locations of these discoveries, I would think that it would be possible to keep it to yourself for longer than two weeks in order to gain significantly more riches for yourself before the public lays their claims.

The title of the post pretty much describes what I'm looking for. I'd be pretty surprised if somebody hadn't addressed the topic.

On wikipedia I read a few times that Italy invaded Albania because it needed space to house people, as well as creating a foothold in the Balkans.

But it sounds a little ridiculous to me and I can't tell if the wiki is just being sarcastic I guess.

As title says, could be a rough estimate.

I was recently watching a documentary about the Hittites and they talked about how Hattusha contained thousands of tablets with a completely unknown language, eventually researchers were able to decode the language.

This reignited a question I have had for a long time; how do researchers even begin to understand completely lost, ancient languages? I would assume they try and look for patterns or structures from already understood languages, but a more detailed explanation would be appreciated. Thank you

I just watched The Siege of Jadotville on Netflix because it looked interesting and I had never heard of the true story before. My question mostly comes from the post-movie credits where they said the French mercenary leading the attack on the village (Rene -something I think) inspired and led more attacks throughout Africa and elsewhere in the world.

What I want to know is why they accredited him for being recognized as France's top "legionnaire" or whatever. Does that mean France condoned his actions against the UN in order to help Tshombe secede from the Congo? I'm sorta thinking it ties back to France's independence, and their whole take on giving power to the people away from strong government (such as in the beginning of the film when they execute the elected prime minister). Also, does this mean that France offered their soldiers to other nations directly, or was the mercenary group a PMC that we might think of today?

Thanks for answers in advance

Using sources like the Kebra Nagast, it seems as if the Queen of Sheba and King Solomon had a child together. That child (Menelik) ended up taking the Ark back home years later, but then Sheba (Saba) was actually not in Ethiopia, but in the Arabian peninsula... so much murky waters, but what's the current view (if any)?