How did Welsh survive the English conquest and English rule over Wales? Why did it survive so well compared to other Celtic languages such as Irish, Scottish Gaelic, Manx, Cornish and Breton?

1 Answers 2021-12-22

What's the best book that tells WWII from the Japanese perspective?

I would expect a book like this to start in the Taisho period. From what I understand, Japan was becoming a modern democracy in the 1920s, and the military overthrew the democracy in the 1930s, and launched an invasion of China. Eventually, they would negotiate with the US over withdrawing from China, but wound up deciding on an attack at Pearl Harbor, and the rest is history. So are there any books that explain the military takeover of Japan, as well as how the war was pursued from the Japanese side?

1 Answers 2021-12-21

Why does Thomas Sankara condemn "owls with shifty looks" and "arrogant guinea fowl" alongside "neocolonialism"?

It's taken from this speech: https://twitter.com/louis_allday/status/1341128112675942405

1 Answers 2021-12-21

Throughout the Roman Empire, “Augustus” was generally the senior title, while “Caesar” alone was generally reserved for junior emperors. Why did Caesar end up getting adopted into so many European monarchy titles (ie Kaiser, Tsar), rather than Augustus?

I tend to think of Caesar alone as one of the junior emperors in Diocletian’s tetrarchy or the title given to the emperor’s son as presumptive heir. Why didn’t the Russians, Germans, etc name their Monarchs “Augustus” rather than “Caesar”? Wouldn’t you want the biggest, baddest title around?

1 Answers 2021-12-21

Thoughts on the scholarship behind the 2021 Harald Hardrada biography “The Last Viking” by Don Hollway?

I just finished reading The Last Viking: The True Story of King Harald Hardrada by Don Hollway. It was an enormously informative, entertaining, and well-written read about one of my favorite historical figures.

I am curious about the academic opinion of his sources and methodology. While Hollway does repeatedly cite when certain claims are questionable or still debated, he nonetheless largely tells the story with a degree of specificity that surprised me since so much about that era (particularly regarding the Norse) is difficult to know for sure due to the nature of the limited sources available.

1 Answers 2021-12-21

Crates of Mallus crated the first globe of the Earth. Where and how often was this globe used?

Anything about Crates of Mallus and the first globe is interesting to me so any additional information is very valued - however i am mostly curious about the usage of the globe and its creation.

1 Answers 2021-12-21

What theories of causality do historians most commonly use in their work?

Taking a different field as an example, economists normally base their work on counterfactual theories of causation and take on the power and the limits of such models in their work.

Historians generally view counterfactuality with disfavor, so what other causal theories are used in its place in the study of history? Why do historians favor these theories, what are the limits of these models, and how are they dealt with inside the discipline?

1 Answers 2021-12-21

Did the USA support Pol Pot in Cambodia?

A friend sent this Montclair.edu article today and needless to say I was shocked.

The academic article makes a few points I was unaware of. Namely

In all the hubbub about the death of Pol Pot, neither the U.S. government nor the American news media have seen fit to mention that

this mass murderer [Pol Pot] was supported for fifteen years by the United States.

the U.S. bombing of Cambodia during 1970-75 killed as many or more Cambodians as Pol Pot's Khmer Rouge ever did;

Pol Pot and the Khmer Rouge were not Communists.

The US not only helped to create conditions that brought Cambodia's Khmer Rouge to power in 1975, but actively supported the genocidal force, politically and financially.

I am surprised to say the least. Hence my questions are:

Are these claims true, did the USA support Pol Pot and more or less funded his genocide of the Cambodian peoples?

If so why?

Thank you.

2 Answers 2021-12-21

What are the differences between areas "annexed" after the Fourth Geneva Convention (e.g. Tibet) and areas "occupied" (West Bank)

I first want to mention that I have no stakes in middle east politics.

When discussing the West Bank occupied by Israel, the fourth Geneva Convention is often cited - namely, that annexation after 1949 is illegal by international law.

Yet annexation seemingly after 1949 (as in the case of Tibet) is not considered a violation of law, and is widely considered an autonomous region of China. What were the differences between the two?

1 Answers 2021-12-21

What the heck was Dr. Bronner talking about on the soap label? Was any of it rooted in fact?

There’s a pretty famous brand of “new age” liquid soap in the US called Dr. Bronner’s. The label has since been changed (to sell their book), but for a very long time the label was end-to-end text that was, and I know I’m being blunt here, totally crazy. There’s “quotes” from Muhammad, Abraham, and lots of anecdotes that seem to be rooted in early Abrahamic religious lore. There are also some outlandish facts about Dr. Bronner himself. Is any of this accurate or true?

2 Answers 2021-12-21

When discovering ancient religious stories, like carvings in a cave for example, how can historians/archeologists determine that the creators actually believed these stories to be true, and they weren't simply intended as works of fiction?

I have sometimes wondered if an advanced race in the future discovered our fictional media like superhero comic books, and if they might conclude that we actually worshipped them as gods. Is it possible we may have made the same mistake from time to time?

1 Answers 2021-12-21

Ancient history facts are often framed in a "re-discovery" kind of way, like finding out about another sumerian king or such things. I wonder: How firm was roman imperial succession transmitted through the ages? Were there any emperors that were forgotten, and only later "re-discovered"?

And how does this compare to contemporary Great powers, like the diverse persian empires?

1 Answers 2021-12-21

Hey, I love European and Mediterranean history, especially the time periods of antiquity and the Middle Ages, but I want to know more about Africa and Asia.

So I’m asking for any recommendation for any books and YouTube channels/videos specifically focused on the history of these regions. Thank you for any help y’all can provide, I appreciate it.

3 Answers 2021-12-21

Where does the "I married Bigfoot" fake newspaper headline come from? When was this joke first appear?

Sounds really specific to me

1 Answers 2021-12-21

Victorian nipples piercings : what about hygiene ?

Hi !

I recently discovered that Victorian people used to pierce their nipples (totally inspired from Isabelle de Bavière, mid-15th century). But I’m wondering how they could respect hygiene procedures ? Do you have any clues ?

1 Answers 2021-12-21

How does Zhuge Liang compare with Western generals?

In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Zhuge Liang is presented as a genius. This is of course overstated for literary purposes, but Zhuge Liang was indeed in RL an important historical figure.

My question is how he would compare with Western generals such as Caesar or Alexander.

Note: not asking if he could 'beat' them (such questions usually are exercises in futility) but rather a comparison in terms of tactics, strategy and competence as a military commander.

2 Answers 2021-12-21

Why did General Prats during the Tanquetazo (1973 failed coup in Chile) use forces from the Junior Officers' Academy to quell the rebellion instead of other regular units ?

I was reading this, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanquetazo. And I was wondering why this happened. The Politics of coups in General.

1 Answers 2021-12-21

In "Terror and Democracy in the Age of Stalin" (2007), Wendy Z Goldman uses declassified arquives to argue that the purges in the USSR under Stalin were a much more bottom-up and de-centralized phenomenom than is usually thought in the popular view. Is this now considered the academic consensus?

1 Answers 2021-12-21

Is it possible to make history my career, given that the PhD / professorship path is mostly closed these days?

Howdy all,

I'm a history major currently working in a fun but not necessarily stable field, and I've been thinking recently about possible career trajectories. I'm obsessed with history, and find myself consuming more and more of it now that I'm no longer in school - reading books, listening to podcasts, watching videos, etc.

With that in mind, my first instinct is, of course, to get my PhD and become a professor. However, the more I research this option, the more it seems not to be much of an option at all. This post, in particular, I found convincing.

So; if professorship is off the table, does anyone have any suggestions or thoughts as to how I might make a career out of engaging with history in some form? I imagine it's mostly professors who publish books of history, but I'm not sure. Is that a potential option? There's also podcasting, I suppose, but it feels just as long-shot as professorship does.

Teaching high school is, of course, an answer here, but I hesitate because my memory of high school history class is that of a well-meaning teacher trying their best to impart an interest in history onto a group of ungrateful, pissant teenagers. Of whom I was one, of course. Has anyone had better experiences than I'm imagining here?

In any case, y'all, any and all help is appreciated. I figured I'd ask this community, as you're my favorite group of history people on the internet, and I thought somebody here might have some interesting ideas.

Thank you!

2 Answers 2021-12-21

Pre-WWI Strategy/Tactics?

With the arrival of better rifles with greater rates of fire. What tactics and strategies did the West (E.g., Britain, France, USA) use post-US Civil War and pre-WWI? Were grand formations of columns, lines, and squares still used as they were in the early modern period with pike & shot?

1 Answers 2021-12-21

Why was Churchill so determined to continue the war?

I understand he did not want England to lose or get invaded, so there were valid reasons to never surrender. I just don't know what his personal reason was for not trying to sue for peace. There was several times during the second World War where Churchill could have offered peace with Germany and it probably would have been accepted. Why didn't Churchill?

As a side note, was there much pressure to end the war and go for peace by the people of England? Hitler definitely did not want War with England and that seemed to be common knowledge, so why did they never try and end the war?

2 Answers 2021-12-21

In Chinese Feng Shui buildings must be built with doors facing south for bedrooms, west for kitchens, and other very specific rules for how buildings can be designed. Is there a historical reason for this?

These rules seem very specific and part of me wonders if there is a practical and historical reasoning for these rules that had spiritual meaning layered on top of it over time.

Are there any Chinese historians that can shed light on the reasoning?

1 Answers 2021-12-21

Did a Dr. Heinz Fischer ever exist? If so, can you send a link to a picture of him?

He was a scientist who was in the April 1945 expedition to the Baltic Island of Rügen. He was an expert in infrared radiation.

1 Answers 2021-12-21

In Taiwan, the KMT went from a brutal military dictatorship to a normal democratic party, and remains the second largest party today. How did this transition go so smoothly?

1 Answers 2021-12-21

If FDR is considered one the the best presidents why was there an almost immediate push for term limits after his presidency ended?

1 Answers 2021-12-21

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