It is written that they were supposed to lead assaults but it is also 100% they weren't invincible.

If this wasn't the case, at what point was this discovered?

There is a lot of information out there about the great achievements of one of the greatest leaders in history, Julius Caesar. However, there is not as much about his personality, character, and what he was like merely as a human being.

I'm also aware of some steles which I assume were of stone. Was there other material ever used? I'm thinking about the roman usage of wax tablet -- but I assume clay would work for that use case as well --, ceremonial or memorial tablets in gold or silver, or carving in wood panels...

My Mum( an aussie with irish and scottish sides of the family) told me that the colonization of Australia as a prison colony was largely based on trumped-up charges designed to get rid of the poor, scotsmen, and especially irishmen. She also tells me that since irishmen, scotsmen, and poor people were in poverty, and so more likely to commit crimes, Australia was a perfect way to keep them far away from england. Is this true? Or is it exxagerated, even a lie?

In short, what is the difference between 19th century imperialism and 16th century colonialism?

I know the definition of the two words, I am looking for what practices, ideology and motivations separated them?

Edit: I messed up the title a little, in my country you write 18th century when you mean the 1800 hundreds.

I was reading through one of those Reddit posts asking about little known facts and someone mentioned that there was a great empire in North America that came before most of the well known Native American tribes. Apparently, according to the comment, there was some type of huge event that wiped the empire out and gave rise to the nomadic North America. Can anyone elaborate on this?

edit: this would have been well before any European colonization

Just wondering if it was supposed to be for African Americans or white people. I am aware that Mel Brooks is Jewish and makes frequent jokes about Jews.

Not looking for political views just the history involved here.

She said it tonight during a speech if it matters.

I've been looking into this for some time, but I can't find any cultures in particular that do it, just the odd case here and there of girls being trained for combat. Was there a culture that did it regularly?

Guys like Red must have been around for real, fetching items and reselling them. But what was the process for getting things into the prison under the nose of the guards?

You would think that a noble in a culture obsessed with honor would rather die than surrender to someone of lower birth. So what gives?

I am trying to find the grave of the Civil War diarist Mary Chestnut. I know it is in South Carolina near Columbia. Searched in Google Earth but couldn't find it. Any help appreciated. Thanks.

You can make out features of the moon with your eyes if you really work at it so I could see this knowledge as something that the Ancients knew. But my google-fu isn't turning up any answers. When did we first realize that we only see one side of the moon [from Earth]?

Hi historians. I'm an actor and July I'm playing a character who was a postman until 1915, then he enlisted and fought in WWI. The play centers around him meeting another soldier but from modern day. He is appalled at some of the language she uses (and the fact that she is in fact a she) etc. etc. I was just wondering if there's any details about this time period you could tell me that mignt help with getting into the head of the character?

Many ancient civilizations have scientific/mathematical achievements serve as their enduring legacies: Greece with the theorems of Euclid/Pythagoras, China with gunpowder, and so on. Rome had no shortage of famous intellectuals (writers, such as Vergil or Catullus), and they certainly had a need for advanced technology (both military and civil). Over their centuries of existence, why does it seem that there were no particularly noteworthy Roman scientists, mathematicians, or inventors?

I understand that a large difference is that European smiths typically worked with material containing raw iron ore, whereas the vast majority of iron in Japan is primarily found in the form of iron sand as opposed to ore.

I've heard countless times that Japanese iron/steel was fundamentally "worse" than the European counterpart.

Was this a result of iron sand being that much more difficult to successfully process than iron ore, or was there something inherent in the raw material that caused the outcome?

My other suspicion is that the Japanese-style forge (tatara) made it difficult to create high-quality steel in large amounts, with good steel only forming on the outer edge where it was able to sufficiently oxidize. As iron sands are far more labor intensive to mine and collect in the quantities required to feed the tatara, this would make the "good" steel incredibly valuable as such little raw material actually becomes usable steel.

Is this completely wrong or is this on the right track?

I apologize if this question seems all over the place and includes a bit of my own guessing. Ultimately I'm looking for a solid explanation as to what made Japanese steel/iron so ubiquitously "inferior" that it required such advanced techniques just to create a usable product.

How did the Spanish claim almost all of South America, Large Parts of the Caribbean, Central America, and Mexico so quickly I know that they conquered the Incans and the Aztecs which controlled large parts of the New World but still when i hear about it it is like conquest boom Most of the new world while the anglo-french are taking centuries just to get the St.lawernece and eastern seaboard. but the french even contridicted themselves by taking forever to get Canada set up and then boom all of Louisiana. Because surely the Spanish didn't have enough migrants to the new world to populate the colonies that they controlled and because france and england didn't recognize the popes law to give everything 100 leagues west from the azores to Portugal and everything else to spain would english and spanish look very different as they disputed the land in the new world

Shouldn't a cabinet member have a strong background in the area for which they are about to serve?

What do we know about the use of the cross in the early (1st and 2nd century) Christianity? I'm more concerned with it's use as a symbol of the faith (inclusion in churches, jewelry, clothing, etc) but would also appreciate info on use in general Christian art as well.

Did home churches have crosses on the wall or did bishops wear crosses on their necks/clothes. Were Christians regularly shown holding crosses in paintings? Was Christ commonly depicted on the cross or was it bare or both?