hi, just wondering if anyone has any information on the Economic reasons for the collapse of the british empire and any sources they could refer to me. This is for a project on indian indapendance and im saying how britian pulled out of india due to economic strain and american pressure. Cheers :)

As I know even after Abbasids lose their secular power they were still widely recognised caliph of Islam. They kept their religious title under many Muslim dynasties who owned Baghdad and after the Mongol invasions in Cairo, Why didn't ottomans also let them keep their religious title like other Muslim states or why didn't other Muslim states declare their dynasty as the new Caliphs of Islam?

I hope I am posting this in the right place. I have an increasing interest in 19th century continental European history, particularly on the cultural and “intellectual” side. Undoubtedly, I have arrived at this interest from studying 19th century continental philosophy, and to a lesser extent, some of the fictional literature of the time. As far as history goes, I have no clue where to start reading. Does this community have any book suggestions that cover this? If providing regions would help, I am more interested in the German speaking peoples and the French.

These days if people believe in something like vampires others will find that ridiculous, but a couple hundred years ago you could be on trial as a witch, they believed in vampires, werewolves etc.

At what point did people stop so strongly believing in these things and why?

For example, in The Anarchy, William Dalrymple speculates that Ghulam Kadir, leader of an Afghan army that sacked Delhi in 1788, may have blinded the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II and treated his family with particular cruelty because Shah Alam likely molested Kadir when Kadir was a young political hostage at the Mughal court.

Did the Moros felt existentially threatened by American forces? Were these people ‚pushed‘ into fighting for so long because of existing American policies in the Phillippines?

Not from America so maybe this is common knowledge and I just didn't get that education. When the first slaves were brought into America they would probably speak their own native language. Did any of those languages have a writing system where written records have been preserved about the experience? Was English (or whatever language was required) immediately forced on them? How fast were slaves supposed to forget their cultural roots? Is there a good book about this process of forcefully becoming americanized?

What are swords symbolically so special? Why do mythical/fantasy heroes so often have magic swords instead of magic maces, spear, or bows? Why swords?

This question is based on playing Crusador Kings 3, in which all land is subdivided into de jure Kingdoms, Duchies, and counties, with a King at the top ruling over dukes who essentially act in the game a bit like modern states do now in a Federal system. The game I'm sure simplifies many things for gameplay reasons,but I'm wondering just how accurate the depiction of Dukes and counts is to real medieval Europe? Were European kingdoms neatly divided up into duchies and counties with Dukes and Counts responsible for all the land area, and if so at what point did Dukes in say England go from being in control over large sways of territory they subtenanted, to being ceremonial titles with no geographical attachment?

After WW2 Germany lost territories like east Prussia and Silesia.

However Japan & Italy only lost their colonies. Why?

I never noticed it, but there were a lot of milestones achieved for women in the 1860s and 70s. From my knowledge, there was generally an increase in divorce, women on a proper payroll, and overall women were not expected nearly as much to perform household duties. In 1866, Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth C. Stanton formed the American Equal Rights Association. In the same year, Lucy Hobbs Taylor became the first American woman to receive a dentistry degree. 1872, Victoria Woodhull was legally allowed to run for president (even if she lost miserably). 1878, a women's suffrage amendment was introduced to Congress. 1879, Belva Lockwood became the first American woman to attain a degree in architecture. I'm sure there are more examples, but you get the idea. Was it the relatively large amount of deaths of the Civil War? Something else about the Civil War? A coincidence? Something else entirely?

Likely a naive question but I couldn’t find any comprehensive explanation.

For context: I was raised in Brazil where the year 1500 is mostly taught as the discovery date. Since that was a landing on current Brazilian territory, it always confused me why US history “co oped” 1492 and Columbus himself as part of its official history when that took place in present Caribbean.

Why isn’t Giovanni Caboto and 1497 more preeminent featured in general US culture for instance? Is this part of a broader conversation about the US adopting and dominating the terms America/American in general?

Were there also ocassions when Europeans sold weapons that was used in Europe at the time(like cannonballs) to Africans?

Other than the fact that Marx’s grandparents likely weren’t even yet a thought in the minds of his ancestors was shays rebellion what we would know as communist? I’ve heard about them hating the upper class and wanting the land to be the property of all. I don’t know too much on the subject.

To clarify, was it actually printed with stock quotes and then sold, or was it blank? Who was in charge of the confetti, anyway? Thank you! (: