Did the church offer to teach reading to everyone or was it just confined to the ones who could pay and people who would be a part of the clergy?

With Lizzie's record breaking moment yesterday I asked myself when the monarchy came in the position it is today, where the monarch or the royal family may not even influence politics or politicians.

I know, that British Kings and Queens were no absolute rulers and were dependent on the Houses of Parliament. But who was the last one introducing new taxes (or telling the Exchquer to do so), who was the last one spending public money for infrastructure projects (like rebuilding London for example).

Was there some acutal power left when Victoria ruled? George III? Queen Anne?

Ordinary Violence in Mussolini's Italy review by Bosworth in the American Historical Review. p278.

Preferably podcasts.

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I need the document for a research paper I am writing in my practicing history class, I tried the Library of Congress but they only have bills since 1970 and nothing prior. Any help would be greatly appreciated.

I read in a book once (Series of Unfortunate Events I believe) that this used to be a profession but I can't find anything on it. Are there any other jobs that are hard to believe weren't automated?

Wikepedia talks mostly about its use in medieval Europe, France especially, and says that it originated with the Franks along the river Leie, but also mentions offhand that it appears in Indian and Scythian art centuries before the Franks were an entity at all. Are those symbols connected or is it just a coincidence that they look the same? And if they do have common ancestry, what is it?

From what I've read of this book, the author's 2 main points are:

1. German combat performance at the tactical and operational level in WW1 and WW2 was superior on average to those of other countries.

2. This superiority is attributable to the structure of the German General Staff.

While I understand that the German General Staff's structure might have allowed it to excel at the operational and maybe strategic level, I am not sure what the connection is between tactical performance in the field and the abilities of the General Staff.

I wish I was joking. I am going to become a historian, yet my mother insists that being a historian is not a real occupation. I've tried to tell her that studying history is, in fact, an occupation, but she refuses to listen. So, what should I do to get her to believe that it is a real occupation?

Ken Burn's Civil War documentary was playing on PBS. An expert in episode four said that no one currently knows what the Confederate War Cry sounds like.

That got me thinking, someone must know, right? There were a lot of Confederate veterans after the Civil War. One of them must have showed his kids or friends how to do it. Do we have any records or descriptions of what the Rebel Yell sounded like?

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"King George V had a set of six maxims displayed on the walls of his study at Buckingham Palace. One of these maxims said: 'Teach me neither to proffer nor receive cheap praise.'" (27)

Carnegie, D. (1998). How to win friends & influence people (Rev. ed.). New York: Pocket Books.

Hi all,

I am in the first year of my PhD and have been told to send of a proposal for an event six months away. I have never written a proposal like this before and wondered how much data is too much for 20 minutes?

I have, at the minute, two ideas for papers:

1. Examines letters across a 12 year period on a certain war, but I fear this would be too much to get through in 20 minutes

2. Six to ten primary sources which examine reaction to the publishing of a certain book, which would allow more in-depth analysis and make for, in my opinion, a more exciting paper

I was just wondering what the norm is for papers - I'm sure I won't get picked anyway, but have little idea about how much is too much for 20 minutes. Any guidance appreciated!

I was listening to Dan Carlin's Hardcore History podcast and when I heard him say this I was awestruck. I did a little bit of reading on it, but I couldn't find much info, just the same story regurgitated over. I then thought maybe it was a legend that either the Mongols or even Khan himself made up to make themselves seem even MORE intimidating (as if they needed to). Or perhaps it was a legend/tale passed down from travelers, people he conquered, people who feared him, his enemies - whoever...

But I wonder, is there any evidence that such an event took place?

This is something of a famous quotation but Google isn't helping me. He basically says "let them become martyrs" and is disgusted by their willingness to sacrifice their lives for this ideology.

I've been trying to fill in a couple gaps in my overall knowledge of South Asian history, and one period that I'm quite curious about is Mughal and Islamic rule in India. What sources do people in this sub recommend to gain a broad, but still rigorous, overview of the period from around 1200 AD to the arrival of the British?