Recently I delved into American history and got myself interested into inner machinations of said government-insitutes.
Pls can somebody direct me into some books about the topic especially about J. Edgar Hoover.
TY.

I know that the ruling families spoke Greek, but how deep into society did Greek (or other Hellenic languages) reach into society? How did it vary from Egypt to the Levant to Persia to Central Asia?

I am trying to study Iberia in the late fourteenth century I a running into roadblocks.

My mom passed last year and I've been going through her old photos. I found a framed picture of a marine in uniform, and the newspaper clipping stating his name and hometown and that he was shipping off to Parris Island (I do not have the exact text in front of me). I believe he was likely just someone she went to high school with, and they would have graduated in 1959, this is not a "hunting down a relative" situation.

I'd love to track down the family and get them the picture, but I think that's beyond the scope of my efforts (I've already read up on how, if you're not next of kin, you have to put in a request for records and so on...). But it's still got me curious what this young man's experience might have been like? What was going on that year, would he likely have gone straight into battle, or would he have been able to do his time without that? I find myself wondering if he lived a long and happy life or a tragically short one.

Neither the clipping nor the picture have a date, but my mom was born in 1940 and the other yearbook pictures she saved, with various notes and signatures on the back, all say 1959. There is no mention of any unit or any other structural information about who this soldier was with, just the Parris Island reference in the newspaper clipping. We are all from Massachusetts, if that provides any useful info or context.

My sister and I were talking the other day, and she said that German uniforms in world war 2 were made of poor quality materials, fit poorly, fell apart easily, and were all around not functional pieces of clothing, but were instead designed for their look, not their function. She’s said this a couple times now, but hasn’t given any sources for it. While I’m nowhere near an expert, I feel like I’ve got a pretty decent grasp on WW2 military history, and I haven’t heard of this before. I did a quick google search and couldn’t really find much. I find it kinda hard to believe, but is this true?

I'm setting up a tabletop RPG campaign set in a viking-esque fantasy society, and I'm trying to get a basic idea of the social structure, taking my limited knowledge and filling in the gaps with whatever sounds good, but I'm getting stuck on the title topic. I don't know anything about it and I'm not sure how to even formulate a google or scholarly search to get what I'm looking for. More specifically:

1. Were viking expeditions (to raid, trade, or whatever else) organized by lords or independently by freemen, or both?
2. If by lords, was participation voluntary or compulsory?
3. If independent, how much say did the relevant liege(s) have, could he just veto the whole thing?
4. Who went on expeditions? Was it just vassals of the organizing lord, or broader than that? Were thralls ever pressed into expeditions? To fight or just as labor?
5. Are any of these questions not-even-wrong or based on completely incorrect understanding?
6. Anything else on this general subject you want to volunteer would be much appreciated, of course.

I've come into possession of what appears to be (from the date on its face) an old mortgage document from the mid-1700's.

It's in rough shape, so a lot of it is tough to read. It's probably not worth restoring, but I am curious enough about it to that I would like read what it says. It is in english, though faded in multiple spots and tough to read the handwriting in others. I don't even know who I would take this to .. any suggestions?

At the end of that year's TV season, this show ranked #18 in the Nielsens, with a rating of 24.7, while The Addams Family came in at #23, with a 23.9 rating. At the time, Nielsens indicated what percentage of American TV households tuned in to any given program. By the end of the following year, both series were cancelled.

I understand that during large wars and campaigns many kingdoms hired out mercenaries to bolster their forces alongside trained knights and conscripted peasants, but how were those mercenaries hired or selected to fight in those wars? Were they already know to kingdoms through some sort of guild registration? Did someone from the kingdom go around asking for mercenary companies looking for work? In various video games and fantasy novels, there is usually a Adventurer's Guild where adventurers/heros for hire/mercenaries can register for quests, was it something like this?

Or the population growth of any settlement that became a major population center over time.

The transcription is purported to be an exact copy, a fact we can't verify for certain. Additionally, de las Casas held a bias in favor of the Native Americans (unusual for his time), which could have affected exactly what he wrote or excluded. I'm also aware us English-speaking folk are precluded from reading the transcription verbatim, and have to rely on translations of (presumably) varying fidelity.

It seems like a simple question but it's been bugging me for a while; when does a kingdom become an empire?

Did we just let it grow indefinitely?

It seems like lots of questions go unanswered here (or have their answers deleted). Is there a sub with less strict rules where these questions could get answered? I understand the mods desire to keep the discussions on target, but seeing a great post with nothing but deleted comments is pretty annoying. How about a quarantine section or a related sub?

What I mean by that is when did people start saying "he was born on October 13th". This has been bugging me for a while now, additionally, how did people keep track of dates back in the day? Thanks for your help :)

I was watching something that mentioned the 2011 Tohoku earthquake, so I looked it up on Wikipedia. That led me to the 1923 Kanto Earthquake. In the opening blurb I see "Kanto Massacre". Which leads me to a page about the fact that, in the weeks following the earthquake, the Japanese just started slaughtering Koreans that lived in the Kanto region. Under the See Also, there's the "Gando Massacre", which was more of the same. Then there's WWII, and while I may not know too much about the things Japan did, there is definitely a very long list of war crimes and general crimes against humanity.

The only thing I know of separating that morally black regime that treated other humans as things to be slaughtered or experimented on and the country that many westerners associate with anime, video games, culture, and generally pleasant things is the occupation of the country by America after WWII. What exactly happened in those years that led to what I can only describe as such a drastic transformation in an entire nation?

Im really interested in history and have best grades in it so i want to apply to university for historian, but I have one question why I still not sure, is it possible to earn normal money as historian? If yes where(kind of job) P.S im in 9th grade/11, so if I will i should start preparing.

In one of Shadiversity's videos that he states that many people in the middle ages not just clergymen and nobles could read, but they're were not considered literate because they can't read and write latin and only read and write in their local langauge.

How true is his statement? Was a person in the middle ages considered literate, if they can read and write latin? And would they considered a person iliterate if they can only read and write in their own native tongue?