Did any Islamic empires or countries found colonies during the time period in which European powers were doing the same? If so where, if not why?

I recently read The Defences of Macau by Richard J. Garrett which touched on the conditions of Macau during the second world war but fell short of explaining why Japan didn't invade as they did with Hong Kong. Does anyone here have any insight from the Japanese perspective?

Also when did we start using them?

I am particularly interested as to whether there was any attempt made at representation among the various far flung regions/provinces of the empire. Like were representative from Dacia or Britain sitting in the Senate? If not,then how did they address issues with these sorts of provinces? for a particular time frame, I am most interested in the Civil war at the time of Caesar. thanks.

I'm trying to find examples to include in my paper and am having difficulty finding sources in my university's library. I would like to use Russian examples and had suggested the Revolutionary war to my professor who didn't seem too enthusiastic about going in that directions. Any recommendations regarding conflicts and/or academic sources would be greatly appreciated!

Just wanting to learn more about the lives and hardships they had to endure on the other side of the Atlantic. I don't mind whether it's historical fact or fiction.

I've often heard that Stalin believed the western allies during the Second World War was holding off on opening a second front in France, because they wanted the U.S.S.R. to bear the brunt of the fighting. In hindsight, with the Cold War and all, it certainly seems like a logical conclusion, and Stalin may have been right.

On the other hand, there was fighting in North Africa and later Italy, not to mention Japan tying up allied forces. De Gaulle was also pushing for a liberation of France, and the invasion was, as we all know, a major operation that needed quite a bit of time for preparation.

So is there any truth to this? Did Britain and the U.S. hold off on an invasion until it was clear how the war turned out in the east/while the Soviets and Germans bled themselves fighting each other? Or was Operation Overlord initiated as soon as possible, to aid their allies in the east and end the war?

I don't mean to compare it to the Vikings. I guess I'm wondering when it would have been technologically possible for Columbus' India-searching journey to happen?

Specifically; when did they arrive & how? (I've never really heard of native american ship construction, was it just rafts and outriggers a la kon tiki?)

Plus where did they arrive from and what archaeological evidence of them is there?

I know that people have been burying their loved ones forever but how long have burial grounds been set out and maintained for the sole use of burying people?

I ask because bodies have been found - e.g. Richard III - in strange places like car parks whereas today those places are unlikely to be built on top of any time soon.

Historically Germany was fucked over by the treaty. How could this have been changed? The questions I'm being prompted with are: What do you hope to get out of the war? What sort of attitude is the correct one for the role you'll be playing? Who could be a threat/asset to you? How could you compromise? Financial, geographical, ethnic, and military issues and goals. My history expertise is post-roman Europe, not the world wars, so I'm having trouble figuring out what arguments I could make. The only thing I can think of is blaming Austria-Hungary and Serbia for starting war and drawing others in with alliances.

No fiction please.

Have they always made it public or was there a time when the voting results were kept private, only allowing us to see the results of the Congress a whole instead?

I am interested in some Old Norse geographical names connected to viking voyages and I found some of them, but I still have some gaps (especially in the names of the seas). Please also correct me where I am wrong! Here is my list:

Vinland Groenland Island Norvegr Danmark Svíþjóð Finland England Some cities: þrandheim Birka Uppsala Novgorod Kiev Hedeby Jorvik Dublin Seas: North Sea - Norðrhaf Mediterranean Sea - ?, English Channel - ?, sea between Iceland and Greenland -?

Thank you in advance for the help!

I'm reading a book on pirates of the late 1600s and early 1700s, and it goes into some detail about the living conditions of crewmen aboard British Navy ships.

Day-to-day living condition problems like rotten food, corrupted water stores, and general lack of hygiene which lead to sickness are reoccurring subjects. As are things such as injuries on the job, from punishment, or during naval combat.

The book mention's ships' doctors in passing but doesn't really talk about what they may have done for crews. The turnover rate of the time period obviously suggests the were not what we would consider highly effective, but it seems that when pirates captured ships or crews mutinied, capturing a doctor was seen as important, so they must have had some value.

My dad insists that there weren't any "illegal" drugs (opium, weed, etc) or prostitutes in the early days after the communists gained control in China (think 50s-60s). I insisted that this is ridiculous but then realized that I am having a hard time finding sources about these subjects that aren't from the Chinese government. Can anyone help me out?

I'm hoping that there will be dissertation/thesis veterans here who could give some solid advice here.

I'm currently studying abroad in Canada before returning to do my dissertation in the first semester of my final year. However, I'm finding myself floundering when deciding on a topic. I've read into a few topics (Quebec nationalism, US-Canadian relations over Cuba, Language policy in Canada) that have sparked my interest but end up getting quickly discouraged and changing my mind, doubting whether I can come up with a decent enough thesis. Speaking to other people on my course, I find myself stunned by their ability to come up with such interesting, nuanced ideas. Any advice on what I may be doing wrong here? Or do I need to just keep plugging away? Any advice would be greatly appreciated.