Did the founding fathers of America know about the Girandoni air rifle?

The rifle was produced in 1779, 12 years before the Second Amendment was adopted. But did the founding fathers know about it?

1 Answers 2015-03-21

At the height of its power, how big was the German army in WW2?

  1. How many troops did they have at one time? You know, at its peak.

  2. When did it peak? (what year?)

  3. How big was the armed SS?

  4. How many tanks, planes, and ships did Germany have? If you can go into more detail, how many of each type? It doesn't have to be the specific type of plane, tank, or ship but just like the category (light tank, medium tank, tanker, heavy tank, destroyer, orpedo boats, submarine, fighter, bomber, etc.)

2 Answers 2015-03-21

The Christian Bible has been popularly read for centuries, but people place emphasis on different books and verses. What books and verses enjoyed special popularity at various times from 1500-2000 in England, Scotland, Ireland and America?

1 Answers 2015-03-21

Why was the Italian general staff generally so incompetent during World War I and II?

Various reasons are given for the poor Italian performances in World War I and II, from a lack of economic capacity to the public not really supporting the war to poor equipment and training. Those are pretty straightforward, but the one that has always intrigued me was the almost fantastically bad performances of many high-level Italian officers, both at sea and on land. From Cadorna at the Isonzo to Graziani in Libya in 1940, it seems that most major Italian operations were poorly led, which only served to accentuate the other problems the Italians faced.

So is my perception of Italian military leadership during this period wrong, or was the general staff really full of terrible officers and if so, why?

1 Answers 2015-03-21

Need Help On Scythian Ethnography

Hi everybody, I need the vast resource of this page to help me with one of my papers I'm writing. Since the Scythian society didnt keep written records of their lifestyles, I have to use ethnographic parallels between the Mongols, Ossetians or any other group resembling / coming from the Scythians to understand the nature of their society and culture. Any help, comments, links, posts or general ideas are vastly appreciated!

1 Answers 2015-03-21

Why didn't Canada develop a European-indigenous fusion culture like Mexico?

I'm a Canadian on vacation in central Mexico and I can see influences and clear signs of Aztec culture everywhere, in arts, food, advertising, language, the people, and just generally a superior knowledge of indigenous history and culture.

Why exactly did this sort of mixture between Spanish and Mesoamerican traditions and culture occur on such a large and effective scale in Mexico, but so much less so in Canada? Were British and French settlers less receptive of other cultures than Spaniards? Were the indigenous peoples of Canada less willing to share their culture with Europeans? Is it something else entirely? I'm aware of the Métis people and their unique culture and ancestry, but their numbers and dominance aren't nearly on the scale of the millions upon millions of mestizo people of Mexico, who form it's ethnic majority, and most dominant cultural identity in their country.

Forgive me for any inaccuracies or errors in the post, and I hope you can answer my question!

2 Answers 2015-03-21

How did Caesar move his troops so quickly?

In both Gelzer and Goldsworthy's work on Caesar, they say he one of his key military advantages was how quickly he could move his troops. Both give the number of 90 miles a day. How is this possible? Did they have enough horses to move the army? Even if these were Roman miles, that's still >80 miles a day.

4 Answers 2015-03-21

We hear a lot about Japanese cruelty to civilians and prisoners in WW2. Was this culture of cruelty an anomaly or was it seen before in previous modern (eg. Russo-Japanese) or pre-modern wars in Japanese history?

4 Answers 2015-03-21

There's an old rumor about how China's population got so big for a while because the government forced them to grow their population after World War II to protect themselves. Do any historians know if it's true?

Other people claim that it's because their agriculture was so good that it encouraged growth naturally, but I'm curious if there was a governmental reason also. Thanks!

1 Answers 2015-03-21

What were Confederate plans for after they defeated the North?

Did they have any plans for conquering other territories? Did they want to completely control the US or just maintain their own country?

1 Answers 2015-03-21

What are the most important works on the Thirty Years War that have been published since Geoffrey Parker's book in 1984?

1 Answers 2015-03-21

How did Turkey transition from being the home country of a Muslim Caliphate to being a bedrock of Middle Eastern secularism after Ataturk?

3 Answers 2015-03-20

Chinese, Hindu, and Muslim civilizations produced great scientists but the Scientific Revolution owes to Europe. Why?

My question stems from this video I came across:

https://vimeo.com/91404092

Has historical analysis been conducted regarding this topic? It's very intriguing.

EDIT:

Thank you for the responses so far. How much historical truth is there to what Carl Sagan said in ep.7 of Cosmos when he compared the ancient Greek civilization and the modern European renaissance:

"“Ordinary people were to be kept ignorant,” Sagan says of the Pythagoreans’ work. “Instead of wanting everyone to share and know of their discoveries, they suppressed the square root of two and the dodecahedron.” And Plato loved the elitism and secrecy, equally, as he argues. Plato was hostile to the real world, experiments, practicality, etc."

http://www.tor.com/blogs/2012/12/exploring-carl-sagans-cosmos-episode-7-qthe-backbone-of-nightq

3 Answers 2015-03-20

What was the earliest point at which female breasts were seen as sexual organs in human cultures?

Were breasts always seen in a sexual light? It seems there are many indigenous cultures to this day for whom exposed breasts are not taboo.

I'd be willing to get more specific and focus on western cultures. Is there any historical evidence that female breasts were at some point not a big deal to expose?

I'm curious because breasts are not primary sexual organs so I'm wondering why and how we got so hung up about seeing them. How did they go from milk machines for babies to titillating erotic appendages?

1 Answers 2015-03-20

Why did the Americans buy Alaska?

I thought about this during my history class today. To me, it doesn't make much sense as it's far away from the other states and, of course, it's very cold up there.

2 Answers 2015-03-20

How accurate is the assertion that chattel slave labor "built America", and/or was a leading factor of its fast growth as a world superpower?

This is a fairly common refrain I've heard many times in normal conversations about America's less than honorable side of history, and while it's hard not to agree in principle, I've always wondered how much of that is a gross oversimplification. Or if it actually has been empirically measured somehow. It would be pretty fascinating either way.

1 Answers 2015-03-20

Please Help! Sources needed for research

Hi everyone, I'm currently working on a paper for school and I'm having a beast of a time finding the right sources. My topic is the English home front during WWI, with a focus on rationing and food supply. I was hoping to take an angle towards hoarding and the black market (people using cheap fillers, etc.) but I don't seem to be coming across many secondary sources that really delve into it. For primary sources, I've been trying to uncover any legal hearings/prosecutions/trials/etc. relating to the black market, but again, nothing. I'm starting to worry that I won't have enough sources to reach my page requirement, but I really can't change topics now, so any and all help would be greatly appreciated! Thanks in advance!

1 Answers 2015-03-20

If blacks were viewed as animals, what was the deal with mulattoes?

I'm just watching Roots, where the white slave drivers routinely rape the black women, and then enslave their half-white kids as well. I was just wondering what they thought of the hybrids. I mean to put it in context, that's like me having a son with a chimpanzee. And then enslaving it. Wouldn't that have some kind of controversy surrounding it?

Were half whites considered half human? Where there taboos around the subject, or intellectual debates between competing theories? What did the church have to say about it? Was it not frowned upon to enslave your own blood?

2 Answers 2015-03-20

When did haircuts/hairstyling become accessible to the masses?

2 Answers 2015-03-20

Trying to ascertain the veracity of this claim about laborers in the late 14th century "Even the meanest worker earned four and a half pence per day, which was enough to buy himself three loaves, a big joint of meat, and several gallons of ale."

This quote is from "Drink: A Cultural History of Alcohol". I don't have a real reason to doubt it, I am just looking for sources that back this up or elaborate on it.

I know that in the 13th century ale price is capped at 1 penny for 2 gallons. Had ale prices significantly decreased by the end of the 14th century? If so, what were the reasons? Or perhaps bread and a big joint of meat are just cheaper than I am imagining?

2 Answers 2015-03-20

I often hear people say that the Irish Potato Famine was more a genocide than a true famine. How accurate is this claim?

5 Answers 2015-03-20

Where did the term "Abyssinia" come from? Is it older than the name "Ethiopia" or did it appear after? What did the Medieval Arab and European worlds call those lands?

I was reading the Wikipedia page of the Ethiopian Empire, and I noticed that the term "Abyssinia" appears only once, and I'd like to know where that term came from.

3 Answers 2015-03-20

Why did single-party/totalitarian states need party officials separate from the state? What did they do?

1 Answers 2015-03-20

During the US civil war, was the DC-Virginia border patrolled or militarized?

1 Answers 2015-03-20

Are there any historical reference to the "Six Pack", particularly in relation to attractiveness or physical prowess?

1 Answers 2015-03-20

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