As in both kings having equal power, and equal rights as kings. Were they brothers? How did it happen? And what happened to the kingdom?

I'm looking for a book that covers the period immediately after independence: meaning the Articles period, the drafting of the constitution, and Washington's Presidency. (About 1780-1800 or so.) Any recommendations? Thanks.

I know that during medieval times and few centuries later Latin was the dominant language of academics and scientists. A student, say, from England or Sweden could study in Paris or Bologna with no problem since all lessons were in Latin. But what about interacting with locals ? I know that students would often go to taverns and similar places and buy their food or clothes. Would foreign students try to learn local languages or relied on translators such as friends who were from that country in which they study ?

Does anyone know where I can read this? Scans? Anything really.

Any help is greatly appreciated.

Generally, how much freedom of movement a general Roman woman would have? Did it differ between young and old? Were young girls allowed in the public spaces? Did they need a chaperone?

I understand I'm not referring to a specific time in my question, because I'd be interested to hear in general or specifically by different periods.

Hunting for an obscure factoid about the stoic philosopher Seneca. I've heard it said that he was kind of like the first investment banker. Can anyone explain why?

The answer I usually get is that he got quite wealthy advising Emperor Nero but that doesn't quite answer the question - he certainly wasn't the first rich person.

Did he buy or sell companies for the state? Or raise money in a unique way? Any color would be helpful.

Seems like for both Ukraine and Poland there is a blank spot for this period of history that is written in English. Most books mention either theaters only in passing or only look at one specific episode, like for Poland the book by Norman Davies White Eagle, Red Star looks only at Polish Soviet war of 19-20, while for 1917-1919 events there is nothing that I have found. For history of Ukraine the situation is even worse, only books written in English that mention this period are books that look at the history of Ukraine in much larger period, devoting to the 1917-1921 events only couple pages at most.

So as a last resort I am asking for the help here before stopping my efforts to understand this period of history, maybe someone happens to know a book on the subjects I am looking for that I might have missed in my search.

Im assuming people were partying and drinking. I’m just imagining dealing with the sinking ship while under the influence if alcohol..

I’m studying and the Cold War and the Holocaust this upcoming year and if anyone can recommend some podcasts, or books or videos or movies on that, I would be most grateful. Best wishes!

It is often put forth that the CIA and the Pentagon “created” the Taliban by funneling arms and anti-Soviet propaganda into Afghanistan during the Soviet occupation. From my surface level research that seems simplistic. I was hoping someone could delineate this history somewhat more finally. Thanks.

My history is terrible so sorry if this question doesn't make sense. During the Industrial Revolution in Britain and the Americas when there were terrible working conditions did anyone go back to nature to live off the land instead of submitting themselves to horrible conditions?

I heard that one of the ways that the potato famine came up was because farmers were using only one genetic variant of potato, which made a hard-hitting famine even worse.

To provide a little backstory as to why I am asking this question: A few weeks ago I went on vacation to Louisiana and took a tour of Whitney Plantation. Our tour guide was a Black Creole and of course covered the horrendous treatment Blacks suffered there. However, towards the end of the tour, he heavily emphasized that plantation owners represented the upper crust of slaveowning society and that most slaveowners were middle/upper-middle class. For these slaveowners, he said, owning a slave was quite a considerable "investment" and that it was not financially viable to mistreat them. He also said that because these slaveowners couldn't just "cycle" through slaves and had more day-to-day interaction with them, it was not unheard of for them to become emotionally attached to their slaves, giving them more of an incentive to treat them with a modicum of decency.

I understand it sounds like I'm fishing for reason why slavery wasn't "that bad," but I am not. I'm just astounded that a literal descendent of slaves would offer up something that was semi-apologetic of the people who practiced it and I want to know if his claims have any validity.

I was speaking to some non historians who were discussing certain things as being ‘universally wrong’. I’m struggling to find words to discuss best practices on viewing historical figures, especially when there were contemporaries in that era that espoused modern values. Here are some exemplars:

Aristotle argues on the natural order of slavery and how a rebellious slave has committed an offense against society. It’s easier to judge him as a moral person, an ethicist of his era, because it’s not as if there’s abolitionist voices of that era.

When we speak of slavery of the modern era, there’s plenty of contemporary abolitionist voices, making it hard not to view those people through the mores of the modern era - we’re all abolitionists now.

So I’m asking for some philosophical ideas from you, individually, on best practices for how to discuss the ethics and morals of behaviors of previous eras.

Topics might include rape, war, non-sustainable extraction, cultural genocide, sex trafficking, violence, etc.

People have often asserted that both US funding/training/support both did and didn't end up in the hands of groups like Al-Qaeda and the Taliban, how much of this is true and can someone explain to me how exactly the Mujahadeen broke up and new groups formed out of it.

I had an appointment for the research rooms at the College Park Archives at the end of the month to get some USAAF records that are listed in the catalog. It was just cancelled this afternoon due to rising covid rates.

I've been waiting for this information for eighteen months, and the archives have suspended regular digitization and reproduction requests. Is there any way I can get this info through a FOIA request?