I am currently reading advertisements of slave owners seeking runaway slaves. They are definitely a somber reminder of how African Americans were seen as nothing more than material possessions. Understanding the writing styles and vocabulary of the mid 1700's hasn't been too difficult but I have come across Nicholas Bearcraft's advertisement in "The Pennsylvania Journal" on June 8, 1749. He says his "wench" who is age 27 is often troubled with "Cholick." I tried to simply Google the word but all I get are a bunch of search results about chocolate. I doubt she had some sort of chocolate addiction so I searched for a variation of the word. "Colic" seems to be correct but everything is in regards to babies be blocked up or crying.

EDIT: I also thought there may be an off-chance she ran off with her baby and was troubled by her baby who has Colic but I am sure the slave owner would have mentioned a baby was with her. But then again all these advertisements are very vague.

As I understand it: Britain had Celtic people/language, which was influenced by Romans, then Germans, and then the French/Normans. However, English is most similar to Frisian, am I missing something?

I understand Frisian is Germanic as well, but shouldn't English be closer to the type of German spoken in Saxony?

All planes seem to be armed with .50 caliber machine guns.

I'm no history expert and I've recently watched some interviews with Renegade History of the United States author Thaddeus Russell and started reading his book. Since I know he was kicked out of Columbia and there's not a lot of info. online about whether his ideas are BS or not, I thought I would ask here.

Hello all.

I am looking for some good secondary and primary sources about Psychiatric hospital care in the United States. I am particularly looking for sources which talk about the politics and conditions of these hospitals in the 1950's through the 90's. I would also be interested in finding a book written from inside one of these places by a former patient.

Any information is appreciated!

I recently visited the House of Terror in Budapest. It was a very thought and feeling provoking experience. Though I left the place information hungry. I understood that the Arrow Party was first responsible around '44 and the AVH was responsible between '45 and '56. And so my questions are:

• What exactly does Terror Haza mean?
• How long did the AVH and its successor use the building?
• How does Terror Haza affect the identity of Hungarian people today?

How did they manage to be neutral and not get attacked. Did they collaborate with the Germans or hand over their jews?

In the movie Alexander (2004), Alexander the Great says to his friend, that the Romans are good fighters, but they will beat them. Is there any truth to that?

The Holy Roman Empire is widely considered the First Reich, but Prussia at this time was a state of the Teutonic order.

Edit: sorry for spelling in title, noticed it too late

Considering they were mostly Normans?

I'm sure there are some Irish vodkas out there, but vodka is more closely associated with Russia, whereas potatoes are strongly associated with Ireland.

I'm curious as to what the historical reasons for this might be.

I've listened to a couple of audio books on car trips about the Roman Empire. It got me wondering about how the senate/democratic process worked in Rome. What type of people voted? Were their constituency's? Were senators up for re-elections? And most of all what kind of power did the senate have over the ruler? Were they two different bodies like executive and legislative? or was the ruler simply the head of senate?

Sorry if some of these questions don't make sense. It may be obvious don't really know to much about Rome.

Its my understanding that one of the biggest industries in both regions was cloth manufacturing, was there overlap between industrialists and abolitionists? Or did progressives try to get "ethically sourced cotton" or boycott mills?

Hi, I'm looking for any good podcasts, documentaries, or essays on the California Gold Rush.

Ok, I will try to make this concise: When the USSR existed, their currency was the Soviet Ruble. Therefore, I am assuming any monetary holdings or savings a citizen of the USSR would have had would have been in the Soviet Ruble, whether they were in the Russian SFSR, Azeri SFSR, Kazakh SFSR, etc.. So with the dissolution of the USSR and its splitting into the 15 different republics with different currencies, what happened to people's savings? Did their holdings in the Soviet Ruble now become worthless? Or, how were their holdings transferred into these new currencies? There is a disparity in the value of the currencies of the countries of the former USSR and size of their economies, so how did that affect what happened to people?

I hope that question makes sense. I tried to reduce as much garble as possible.

What was the first instance of a civilization east of Persia having extended enough contact to make a comprehensive study of European civilization? What was it's purpose and impact?

I can't seem to find a lot of information about the hoplite marines, if anyone would like to help me and give information, it would be very appreciated! Thanks