I know the army was split into 5 categories Velites in front, Hastati in square formations behind, Principes behind the Hastati and Triarii behind Principes. (Cavalry on flanks)

I know that the you can spilt the army 'parts' up, in terms of experience/skill, Triarii the most experienced, then Principes and Hastati as the youngest/least experienced. I also know that the Velites threw their spears at the enemy, and then withdrew into the space between the Hastati, but what happened after this? How did the rest of the army actually fight, after the Velites had retreated?

Did the Romans (or ancient Greeks) ever consider nature to be something that needs human protection?were there ever any kinda if "conservation movements" or something similar?

I'm always fascinated with how differently we might remember history had the library not been destroyed. I know the loss of works is immeasurable, but what are some of the more important items that were lost/thought to have been lost that might redefine how we remember our past?

So invoking the name of Adolph Hitler has become shorthand for "unimaginable evil," as well as shorthand for dictator ("Grammar Nazi") and even person who I disagree with (Godwin's Law). But was there a "Hitler" before there was A. Hitler?

Was there a single figurehead or even multiple ones invoked to serve as placeholder for "ultimate bad guy" in metaphor? Did someone else serve as a cautionary tale before being overshadowed by the events of WWII? English speaking Western culture is where my curiosity lies, but I'd be interested to know if any other cultures had a similar reference figure as well.

I imagine Ben Franklin writing about how some raucous troublemakers in the Township conspired to rig the voting to name his new beverage "King George did nothing wrong", or people calling each other " Grammar-Huns"

I've been looking around, and it looks like there are several books by Martin J. S. Rudwick that all deal with the geological revolution of the 19th century: Bursting the Limits of Time, Earth's Deep History, Worlds Before Adam, and several more.

I was wondering if anyone here has read them and has a good idea of where they overlap/diverge, or if there's some other work out there that I should look at. Thoroughness would definitely be a plus.

Why did they have females on the front? Why were they often named for females?

More specifically, I was reading about the Batavia mutiny and saw a map of its location. There are several other shipwrecks there too. If they were all headed for Jakarta, what were they doing way down there, nowhere near Indonesia?

I would've thought they would've defected.

Chamberlain and Daladier had both tried to avoid war up until the invasion of Poland - if the invasion of France had failed in 1940 would the allies have sought complete regime change by military means or looked to return to peace as quickly as is possible?

I know USA developed & used them first but how did the USSR get their hands on it? Did they develop the technology independently or was it acquired through espionage?

I'm thinking about the earliest civilizations such as the sumerians, akkadians, babylonians etc.

I know a little bit of Hammurabis law (adulterers were to be killed etc) but could women have any power, land ownership, travel freely and so on?