Recently hearing about a speech President Nixon had prepared in case the Apollo 11 mission failed has piqued my interest in this sort of real responses to 'what if' scenarios.

Nuclear war seems kind of like it would have been a big one. Did any world leaders have a sort of doomsday speech tucked away in a drawer some where in case the worst happened, and they didn't have time to actually write one? And did any of these survive and are public?

Or was it the sort of thing people just didn't want to think about, and figured would probably be a fairly small concern if it ever really happened?

I found articles stating that african-germans weren't segregated in nazi Germany, while some said that they couldn't join the army due to the aryan supremacy ideal. I also found remarks of mass sterilization in certain populations.

What was the the nazi party racial policy on afro-descendant people (both african-germans and african-descendants in general)?

I don't know if this question is very well formulated but I hope someone here has an answer for me... What I am thinking so far is that the people in Perú had recently seen how the Túpac Amaru was crushed brutally after failing and that they therefore was afraid to fight for independence as much as other parts of Latin America. I don't really know what to think about Cuba though? Were there other countries with weak movements for independence such as Cuba and Peru?

Trying to answer this question for myself by doing a bit of research, I have no sense of how a few tribes in Mongolia united and were able to rapidly obliterate multiple huge, well-established empires. For example, the conquests of European empires during the colonialism-era can be attributed to technological and biological advantages (e.g., "guns, germs and steel"). Or, Napoleon's sudden advance over most of Europe can be attributed to the advantages of professional officers and universal conscription over militaries limited by the obsolete conventions of an earlier time. But, what did the Mongolians have that allowed them to dominate from Vienna to Japan, from Siberia to Java?

I been trying to read The Wages of Destruction by Adam Tooze, but I'm severely lacking in knowledge of concepts of economics and find the book very difficult although enjoyable to read, can you guys/gals recommend some reading that would allow me to achieve a better understanding of the book?

Coney island, santa montica, etc.

Were they actually defeated, because I get the impression Hamilcar was undefeated. Also, was hamilcar part of the mercenary rebellion and if so, how did he manage to survive this and end up still in command of carthaginian forces in Spain?

I mean, before the German Confederation, or even the Prussian hegemony.

How much did these people identify as German? What did they identify as? I know Bavarian are very... Identific. But what about, say, Pomeranians or Rhinelanders?

Did they identify with the small country or citystate they were a part of? Were they Cologners and Lübeckers or Berliners?

When did the identity change to 'German'?

Any record of Moses existing and rousing rabble? Any evidence to support that the Jewish people were used as slaves in Egypt? Etc...

Im interested in learning about the history of many of the worlds countries and am curious if there is a database that could provide me with their summaries.

Were there vendors that sold a version of "Franchises"?

Hirohito's broadcast surrender on Aug. 15th, and what exactly caused it, seems to be quite open to debate.