Getman nationalism was pretty tied up with the Nazis, so I'm curious as to what it looked like when WWII ended. Also, what did the East/West split do to German nationalism and what was it like during reunification?

Were the Turks of 60+ years ago more 'Mediterranean'?

I am aware that, depending on heritage withing Turkey, looks can differ dramatically, though after some inquiry I have found that the men derive from all over the country and very few are related.

I know that generally speaking the Ancien Régime ended with the French Revolution and was "restored" a couple of times in the 1800s under Louis XVIII and Louis-Napoléon, but what is considered to be the beginning of the Ancien Régime?

Was it the dawn of monarchical rule? If so, which Monarchy? Charlemagne? Hugh Capet? Henry IV? Or does the Ancien Régime refer to all time before the revolution?

Does the term have any analytical value?

Thanks for any insights!

I know that nowadays, civilian causalities are a big issue with drone strikes. But it seems to me that back in WWII, we just bombed cities filled with civilians. How true is this?

I planned a research paper discussing Cyrus the Great and his widely-renowned tolerance of other cultures and beliefs, but I'm having trouble finding sources that actually expound on this. I have a few secondary sources that are pretty good, Pierre Bryant's From Cyrus to Alexander and some others, but what primary sources back this up?

I've seen a few passages about Cyrus from Herodotus, but I don't actually have Histories in book form. Is there a searchable online version of Herodotus?

Also... how the hell do I do an APA citation on the Cyrus Cylinder? I've just been able to find the text of it on a British Museum webpage, and I'm sure I'm not allowed in this 100-level history class to use online sources. How can I cite the cylinder as an actual text?

How did someone decide which University they wanted to go to? Did schools put out advertisements or have representatives in other cities? How did someone pay for school? Where there ways to attend if you didn't have the money but were willing to go into debt? Thanks!

To what extent was intimacy tolerated before marriage? I've gotten the impression from books, movies, tv shows, etc. That nothing was really official before marriage, that people sort of meandered around until they got married. Was there anything resembling what we have today with "I have a boyfriend/girlfriend. "

I understand that Hitler didn't have many blood relatives to begin with, but what was the reaction of his family when he rose to and took power, as well as how they saw his legacy post-war?

It seems like you don't hear about knights and samurai being nervous or traumatized people, so were they able to cope with killing another man better than soldiers of today are? Or were they traumatized and it just wasn't documented to protect their noble image?

I know that the Roman legions were exclusively open to Roman citizens, but where did these citizens come from? Were they all from the Italian peninsula or were there legionaries from other provinces of the republic/empire?

Specifically interested in the late Republic and early Empire era.

I'm taking a class on the American Revolution and Federalist Era this semester and our professor introduced a very tasty thought today that I immediately wanted to discuss with and get the opinions of other history enthusiasts: Were America's famous forefathers really the ones leading the people toward Revolution? Or were they playing catch-up with events that were already unfolding? (That is, were they unaware of events beyond their immediate scope of observation and swept up when there was no turning back?)

The Second Continental Congress declared independence in July of 1776, however, acts of independence-minded defiance were already happening as early as October of 1774 when a militia in Worcester, Mass. barred the courthouse and kept the Crown-appointed judge from starting another session, after which the gathered townsmen declared the end of British rule and announced it was time for a new, non-British government.

Does Revolution start from the official Declaration or when the people first dismiss their ruler? Were the famous names tied to our fight for independence truly the visionaries and leaders of revolution or were common men who's names have been forgotten responsible for spurring the uprising of the colonies? Were men like Tomas Paine, who embraced the spirit of revolution and spread ideas in writing, the cause or merely a symptom of actions like those of the militia in Worcester?

Edit: After seeking insights and friendly lets-explore-this-train-of-thought conversation in /r/history and only getting let-me-tell-you-how-it-was answers taken straight from a High School history text, I was directed here where I hope to find the consideration and discussion of my professor's query instead of the outright disregarding of it.

Why is this viewed as mythology, but modern (Christian, Islamic, etc) religions are not? What is the demarcation? Further, when did the old Greek religion die out/lose most of its popularity, and why?

I'm confused as to why someone would create a second papacy, and why this led to having three popes in the end. The only thing I can think of is that the French just really wanted to dominate the Papacy.

I really want to know why it was create, how it was returned to having one pope, and the consequences for having multiple popes.

They had Kings coming to beg forgiveness and and Capitals kneeling to their crusades. What happened (and how!) between then and the all-show Popemobile of today

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