I'm the curator of Space Shuttle Discovery from the Smithsonian’s National Air and Space Museum. Ask me anything!

Space Shuttle Discovery launched on its first mission 30 years ago this Saturday, August 30th. During its career, Discovery flew every type of mission flown during the Space Shuttle Program for a total of 39 missions, nearly 150 million miles, and one year in space.

This is Space Shuttle curator Valerie Neal of the Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum. Ask me anything about Space Shuttle Discovery, and I will answer your questions from 12 – 2:30 pm EDT.

Proof: http://imgur.com/DwwPw5I

Update - 12 pm: Thank you for the questions that have come in so far! I’m looking forward to talking with you today about Space Shuttle Discovery.

Update - 2:43 pm: Great questions! I'm going to continue to answer a few more this afternoon.

85 Answers 2014-08-27

When did the Jews first begin arriving in Europe, and what was that like for them?

I know very little about this period of history, and lately I've become quite interested in it. I am assuming that Jews began arriving in Europe some time after the Diaspora, but beyond that I really know nothing. I'd like to know something about the history of anti-Jewish sentiment in Europe in particular. Was this always the way it was? I realize this question is very broad but I think I'd like to keep it that way for now, since I don't really even know enough to narrow it down yet.

2 Answers 2014-08-27

Wednesday What's New in History

Previous Weeks

This weekly feature is a place to discuss new developments in fields of history and archaeology. This can be newly discovered documents and archaeological sites, recent publications, documents that have just become publicly available through digitization or the opening of archives, and new theories and interpretations.

1 Answers 2014-08-27

Museum or Private Collection work?

I understand there is a variety of individuals on this subreddit, as some of you are professional historians and others just research as a hobby.

I was wondering if any of you work in private collections, or perform museum work; hands-on work with antiques and artifacts. If so, how could one get into that kind of work?

I am currently at an entry-level position in the legal support field, however got my BA in History, and have always been a massive (military) History buff. I would love to make a career out of it, but do not like the idea of being a professor or educator of sorts.

Thanks very much for your input and time!

3 Answers 2014-08-27

Is it true that Avicenna's works are all inspired by the Qur'an, considering he is said to memorize the whole Qur'an at ten?

My friend claims this, not me, and I want to know whether it's true or not.

1 Answers 2014-08-27

What is the history leading up to the creation of the 'Boy's Day Festival Armour' also known as the 'Tango no sekku yoroi'. Also what meaning it holds and why it does so, as in, is the meaning behind it due to the symbolism or materials used etc.

An artifact at the recent 'Bushido - Way of the Samurai' exhibition at the National Gallery of Victoria really caught my eye. I've been researching it but have only been able to find information about the Boy's Day, not the armour. I would love it if anybody could provide some leads on reading that I could use to read on my own time :)

1 Answers 2014-08-27

How tall was King Louis XVI of France?

1 Answers 2014-08-27

Was there a concept of days of the week, or even months, in pre-Roman Britain?

2 Answers 2014-08-27

Suppose I'm a not-disabled 30 year old "average joe" (don't work for the SS or public sector, just have an everyday job) citizen in Nazi Germany, between 1940 to the end of the war. Is there any way I could avoid conscription into Wehrmacht?

If there's no way to avoid it, would I have to fight in the wehrmacht for the rest of war, or would I just do a couple of years and go back to my old life/job in Germany?

1 Answers 2014-08-27

Considering that our founding fathers were escaping religious persecution in England, were they themselves religious?

Is the common notion that our founding fathers were devout Christians/Catholics accurate?

2 Answers 2014-08-27

Was there any British resistance towards the Canada Act 1982 or Australia Act 1986?

Were there any serious dissenting opinions towards complete sovereignty for Canada and Australia in British politics or society? What about for the Statue of Westminster in 1931 as well?

1 Answers 2014-08-27

How did North Korea overrun most of south Korea?

How come north Korea was able to smash the south Koreans before US involvement?

1 Answers 2014-08-27

What would have been the body type of a "perfect 10" (sexual attractiveness) in Ancient Rome?

Did the Romans find fatter people more attractive? If fatness was a sign of wealth and prosperity, was this the primary reason why it would have been considered attractive, or did the Romans just like fatties?

3 Answers 2014-08-27

Which countries actually engaged each other in combat during WWI?

I understand which countries were on which side overall, but I am curious about which countries actually met each other on the battlefield. Did the French or Americans ever engage the Austro-Hungarians or Bulgarians? Did the Italians and Germans ever meet in combat?

1 Answers 2014-08-27

The distinction between gods and spirits in early European paganism

Modern descriptions of the European pagan religions tend to draw a clear distinction between gods and spirits, with a given pantheon being labelled as "their gods". But I get the feeling that at the time it was a little more like Shinto, where kami is translated as either "god" or "spirit" but with there only really being kami of different shapes and sizes.

Was there genuinely such a clear distinction between gods and spirits? Were what we think of as their gods the ones most worshipped, and did this change over time? Is Christianisation or the interpretatio romana involved in the (possible) retrospective view?

1 Answers 2014-08-27

Why did generals and kings who joined their troops in battle die so infrequently?

I know Cyrus died at Cunaxa, and Harold at Hastings; but Alexander rode into battle again and again, and Hannibal was front and center at Cannae. Given how much these great men seem to have thrust themselves into the awful din of battle, and how attractive a target they must have made to their foes, they seem to have survived a great deal more than one might imagine they would.

Is it merely a selection bias that causes us to remember the generals that survived long enough to cover themselves in glory? Is the middle of a battlefield safer than it seems? Or is there a lot to be said for a good bodyguard?

5 Answers 2014-08-27

How long have humans been drinking wine?

What was the first civilization that drank wine?

1 Answers 2014-08-27

Historiographical question- What are some good sources for someone wanting to learn more about the Islamic tenure in Italy?

Hello,

While my main impetus of study is Islamic civilization in Spain, I'm very curious about expanding my knowledge of the much less talked about Islamic civilization in Italy (to have a more well rounded idea of Muslim impact on Europe as a whole). Are there some good sources I could use to begin?

1 Answers 2014-08-27

Are there any good sources on the experience of non-German Axis soldiers on the Eastern Front in WWII?

Recently I've watched "Unsere Mutter, Unsere Vater" along with "Stalingrad" and "Walking With The Enemy". While some of those are fictionalized to varying degrees, they got me thinking, especially the latter: What was it like to be a Hungarian, Romanian, Italian or other Axis solider fighting alongside the Nazis in the largest invasion the world's ever seen?

I've read Wikipedia articles on them and seen passing references to various units here and there (for example, the Spanish Blue Division in Beevor's book on the Spanish Civil War), but I've never seen anything that focuses on any of them specifically. I find this kind of odd given how big of a role they played in certain events (the Romanians being overrun guarding the 6th Army's flank at Stalingrad, for example), and how big of a deal these deployments must have been in each respective country.

Can anyone point me to some documentaries, articles, books, etc that I can look at when I get a chance?

3 Answers 2014-08-27

How did Native Americans in what is now New England view European ships?

My history teacher wants us to write a bio of an archetype of settler in the colonial era and I chose a member of the Iroquois. What did the indigenous think when they saw European tall ships? Did they marvel at it? had they seen them before, did word of the ships carrying settlers arrive from tribes in North Carolina after Roanoke?

1 Answers 2014-08-27

Did Pre-Colonial Aborigines use the strategic burning of forested areas as a method of flushing out game for hunting?

A while back, a friend of mine who has now graduated with a bachelors in History of Culture, was ranting about how the Aborigines were to blame for the lack of vegetation in Australia, he said that they [The Aborigines] would wantonly burn down sections of the forest to flush out game animals for easier hunting.

Is there any evidence to support his claim?

1 Answers 2014-08-27

What is the creepiest story/event/occurrence/tradition from your particular area of historical speciality?

2 Answers 2014-08-27

What happened to the pets of Jews who were sent to Concentration camps?

I remember reading of Hitler being an animal rights activist. If so then how did they deal with this situation?

1 Answers 2014-08-27

Were any throwing weapons, such as javelins, used in the British Isles during the 8th century?

2 Answers 2014-08-27

What would the Soviet Union have been like if Lenin never died?

1 Answers 2014-08-27

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