At least in America, Jackie Robinson is a household name for when he joined MLB. His number is retired across the league. However, the stories of other baseball teams and other leagues are not taught or as well known. Did Mr. Robinson joining the Dodgers create a wave across baseball and other sports? How long was it from Mr. Robinson joining the Dodgers until the last MLB team integrated, and if possible, the last professional sports team integrated- North American or otherwise?

It's my understanding, from a college US history class a few years ago, that the US was incredibly racist. So much so that we considered the Japanese to be less than human, and placing Japanese Americans in camps was a popular move, which seemed like common sense to the (white) people of the time. Given my understanding of the zeitgeist of that time, it doesn't fit well that the US would have cared about the cultural significance of any Japanese city.

According to other users in that thread, Henry Stimson was the US secretary of war at the time, and it was his decision to remove Kyoto from the list. I'm curious how he justified this decision, and what his reasoning was for making the decision. Was there any common thought, at the time, that an enemy's culture would matter to the US? One user suggested that it was simply because he had taken his honeymoon there. I'm hoping for a less speculative answer, if possible, or at least an answer from someone who is familiar with US history around WW2.

Also, if I've based my understanding on a false premise, or made a poor assumption, I'm happy to be corrected, but I trust this sub to provide a healthy explanation if that's the case.

(PS I love you guys and I've been lurking here for years from my other account, but I think this is my first time posting here, so please let me know if I messed up the rules. I can also add the link for the AMA if anyone is curious about the thread, but I wasn't clear after I checked the rules if that was allowed.)

I want to write an essay on the flaws of McNamara's methods (EDIT: In regards to the Vietnam war) for my history classes but I am finding that concise and accurate metrics in this regard are very difficult to come buy. The best I could find was a paper by historian Donald Fisher Harrison. But this is a professional paper and it is daunting for a novice like me. Are there any fundamental facts or metrics that would make this paper easier to digest?

The song itself is fictional, but also highly realistic. For those not familiar with the song, a 17 year old in Canada signs onto a privateering vessel under the British Crown in 1778, going after American shipping. The ship is completely unfit for service and is destroyed by the Americans, with only the singer surviving, but with the loss of his legs, and in 1784 he's a broken man on a Halifax pier in his early 20s. Now what happens to him? Without legs, I presume he can't easily work, especially being an uneducated peasant. I don't know that a privateer could get a pension from the crown. Is there any sort of welfare system at all? Is he relegated to begging? Is there any kind of mobility aid available to him? How does society probably see him?

Whether it is technically illegal or not doesn’t really matter, more so that it’s enforced — Thanks.

I don't mean texts like the Samguk Sagi/Samgukyusa, but modern historians with books/papers/podcasts etc on the history of the Silla Kingdom. Specifically, around the position of (non-aristocratic) women, as well as the general sociopolitics of King Jinheung, and the history of the Hwarang.

I've tried combing Jstor etc, but haven't come up with much beyond Richard Macbride. Most of the papers seem to deal with the Unified Silla period and later, whereas I'm interested in the earlier Kingdom.

Please let me know! Thanks in advance!

i was watching a segment about a film set during the chinese civil war. the segment shows a battle between nationalist and communist forces. whil i was watching i noticed that the communist forces were using a very unusual form of artillery. for some reason, they were using metal barrels dug into the earth at an angle and filled with potato sacks that contained some sort of explosive. they then fired the barrels using a rope fuse. they reminded me of early gunpowder cannons. im not sure why they did this. are there any cases of this happening in real life, and if so why? are the soldiers in this particular engagement simply short of artillery pieces?

What did they use before heraldry was widespread?

They both achieved independence and India even had a more developed infrastructure at the time. I don’t believe that any ideology or system is inherently better than others so what’s the deal?

I was listening to a lecture by Robert Garland and he mentioned that Poland was spared from the Black Plague for unknown reasons. Is there any new evidence or hypothesis as to why?

American citizens at the time must have been aware to some extent. Did they demand that the US do the same? If they did, they obviously failed. So what what was the reasoning given by politicians at the time for the US not needing to establish a universal healthcare system similar to the England's?

Lyndon B. Johnson signed Medicare & Medicaid into law in 1965. Did he get pushback for it not being universal?

Small arms are loud, cannonry and artillery etc. are louder. I was watching a popular world war two movie and wondered how much hearing damage these people had due to battle conditions.

When was hearing protection standardized due these problems?

Thanks!

To elaborate, was it common to see people have lumps and rashes on their bodies and that is wasn’t a big deal like “everyone has it” like was having these diseases so common it was normal to see that everyone had it?

So I know this is quite an odd question, but I am wondering if anyone can point me towards some sources or general understanding of the development of Nordic religion/mythology. My background is in SA religion, and so I am specifically wondering if we see a kind of specifically "spiritual" literature develop in Nordic religion as we do in South Asia? And by spiritual I mean some kind of conscious meta-awareness of existential problems as such. We don't *really* see this in the Vedas proper or the Puranas, and it isn't until around 600 BCE ish that we see the development of these more philosophically reflective works that seem to take existential questions of humanity or being itself as a self-conscious object of inquiry. I know I could be said to be a bit guilty of overly teleological thinking with regards to the development of religion here, but I nonetheless do believe certain broad patterns, often corresponding to large sociological changes, can be observed in the development of religious ideas. Anyways, any thoughts/source would be much appreciated!

Is it true that northeners were so sure of the Union army that the battle was treated as a spectacle, with families setting up picnics?

People here are examples of GOOD NERDS. Yall nerd out on history and every time I come back here I learn something new. I am not a historian (I'm a layman), but my field of work frequently requires quick historical answers. You guys give me some information, and then I'm able to find very reputable sources from your info. Thanks all you historians! I freaking love you!