We all know about the brazen bull and the croc pliers, but are there any torture devices/methods that I haven't already read about?

What made gladiator fights go out of style in the Roman Empire and its former territories? Did gladiator fights have any influence on the development of bull-fighting in Iberia? Did gladiator fights influence the development of jousting tourneys in France and Germany?

If Roman gladiator fights lasted after the end of the Western empire, how did the various successor states treat combat for sport? Do we know what the Germans, the Byzantine Greeks, and the Umayyad/Rashidun Arabs thought of such fights?

I'm curious to see how the geopolitical environment of West Berlin affected the the demographics of people who came to watch the World Cup in 1974. Was there any paranoia held by travelers?

In the musical 1776, we see Thomas Jefferson writing the Declaration of Independence, surrounded by numerous crumpled up pieces of paper.

Was paper cheap enough then that this would be possible?

If I were a writer then (or at some prior time when paper was too rare and expensive), how would I have dealt with drafts and editing? Surely, I couldn't write like I do today, casually producing draft after draft and throwing away (or rather, deleting from my laptop) the ones I don't like.

Further, when did it start to be socially acceptable?

To me it seems like nothing more than a fun and amusing historical rewriting. Kind of like fan fiction in a way? But I was wondering from real historians if there is a shred of real fact here? Thanks for the answer assuming it hasn't been asked before, should make for an interesting discussion.

Also interested in unexpected facts about lawn grass.

Specifically the "idol worshipers" which iirc are the tribes around the Middle East

My parents told me it were Jews but that seems a bit farfetch'd

To expound: I'm thinking more equipment-wise, I'm reasonably familiar with the differences between light and heavy cavalry tactics. For example, what would Hakkapeliita have carried vs. what would cuirassiers have carried?

hello, i have a plenty of free time this summer (about 1.5 months) and I'd like to start learning history. where should i start?

For example what were the Chinese,Japanese,German etc peoples up to while A.T.G was off fighting and conquering?

Is there any evidence of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in ancient warrior cultures, ex. Spartans, Romans, etc?

Any information would be amazing. Thank you.

It was in Salle Alsace-Lorraine, in the 1870-1890 sort of era

I sometimes see maps of a bird's eye view of a city, usually including streets and neighborhoods. Are they all very well made guesswork, or are they derived from city plans/blueprints? Is there a method to creating them without the help of hot air balloons/planes/etc.?

I am not denying that communism contributed to keeping the nations of Eastern Europe underdeveloped. But couldn't one also say that the countries of Western Europe had a 'head start' compared to those in the now ex-communist countries, considering that they were so much more industrialised and developed even prior to WW2 compared to the agricultural, peasant economies to their east?

Even if one takes Germany as an example, one could say that most of the industry in Germany was always located in the South and in the Rhineland, whereas the East was always poor, infertile and sparsely populated (Saxony aside).

I'm familiar with the Moors but this kinda interests me. We have this societal image of white people always colonizing and ruling over black and brown people. Even when it's condemned, people still see white people as ambitious achievers which furthers white supremacy.

Before about the 1500's all the great ancient civilizations except the Greco-Roman empire were ruled by black and brown people. I'm interested to learn about the reverse colonialism.