In most schools I know in the US and Canada, there is a school/college/faculty of Engineering that is separate from Arts and Sciences/Liberal Arts. Other separate colleges are typically smaller and specifically trade oriented, with cohorts of students taking many similar courses over their careers (i.e. Music or Education). Engineering, on the other hand, can house students studying Mechanical, Chemical, Civil, or Environmental engineering that may never take an engineering course together after their first year, and which work more closely with departments outside the college. How did Engineering become its own administrative division in universities?

In the movie 1942, a Nazi sub prowls the coast of Los Angeles. Was that plausible? How did it get over here? Were there really Nazi boats/ships off the West Coast? If so, what kind of boats/ships in particular? The idea is intriguing. Many thanks in advance!

I recently visited one of the beaches upon which one of these Spanish ships crashed, and there's a very famous diary of a Spanish captain who survived and travelled across the island, but surely more men must have made it ashore?

So, yeah. The question is above.

Did people not have the technology to preserve the dyes for these colors in fashion or art?

There are a few examples of neon colors in nature, so I am curious as to why they were never portrayed.

I'm a bit confused about the structure and organization of the SS-Einsatzgruppen. Were they their own distinct, separate branch and just recruited from the Waffen-SS, SD, etc., or were they actually a subunit under the Waffen-SS? I've been trying to find the answer but keep getting confused because of bits and pieces of info present in some articles and not in others.

From my understanding, the two main branches of the SS were the Allgemeine SS and the Waffen-SS. Since the Waffen-SS was the armed branch, this suggests that perhaps the Einsatzgruppen was a subunit of the Waffen-SS, right? Or am I reading things incorrectly and the Einsatzgruppen were their own branch under the SS as a whole, similarly to the Allgemeine/Waffen-SS branches? A simple Google search says the two main branches were the two I just mentioned, so this makes it sound like there were other smaller branches?

Right, so there's crop rotation so I think he's growing clover in some fields some of the time. But would the rest be all wheat? Wheat with some barley?

Are there specialized animal ranchers, or is this something all farmers take part in?

How would soldiers have been recruited to the army in Ireland and how well equipped and armoured would musketeers, caliver men and pikemen have been in the English army in Ireland during, say the Desmond rebellions and Nine Years War?

When we hear about the use of chocolate by the natives of what is now mexico and central america, we hear the drank it ritually in is raw bitter form. Did the aztecs, mayan or other civilizations have or make sweeteners like honey, sucrose and such? What about spices? Were they commonplace?

I've heard plenty of Beatles songs and they're fine but they don't really blow my mind and I don't understand the reverence with which they are viewed today. What am I missing?

I joke, slightly, but in all seriousness, my understanding is that Byzantium was a fairly small, if well off, city at the time Constantine chose to re-found it as Constantinople and make it the new Roman capital.

What was the process like to expand the city to fit the newfound role as seat of power for such a sprawling empire? How was it financed and and sourced?

Was the speed with which new construction was implemented impact the quality and durability of the new civic buildings, and were there any notable consequences from it?

(Asked this a few months back, but dragging it back up as it fits the Engineering theme)

I’ve wanted to find out some information about Dithmarschen’s republic for a while now, but it seems pretty hard to find, you can find information about the battle of Hemmingstedt, but information about how the republic was run, or what life was like for those living in it seems very sparse. Tldr: how was the republic of Dithmarschen run, and what was life like?

I am in the midst of writing my historical fantasy trilogy set in 7th century England, and I am trying to find out some info about the Picts in the 7th century. Specifically Talorc III, King of the Picts from AD 641-653. Does anyone know whereabouts, specifically, in Scotland his royal "seat" would be? Or even just a general area that he would have been based out of? Also, it seems as if the Picts at this point were possibly client-kings of the Bernicians (ie Oswald/Oswy) - could I assume that in the novel and not be completely wrong?

In the Spanish civil war, people came to fight from as far away as the United States. How many, if any, other civil wars involved similar efforts (China for example), of regular people going off to join the fighting from elsewhere?

Since the start of the COVID pandemic, there has been talk about the short and long term changes bring to society. Where there any discussions like that during the Spanish Flu pandemic? And if there were any, what were the long term societal changes that resulted from the pandemic in its aftermath?

From just seeing the will, and having a possibly misguided interpretation on medieval hereditary primogeniture, it looks like we could assume that William simply valued the Duchy of Normandy higher than the Kingdom of England. But perhaps there is more to it than that?

Hi- conscious of the sensitivity of my query, I wonder if I might be guided in the right direction.

A number of online boards, forums and chatrooms I've encountered have exhibited antisemitism with respect to a Jewish conspiracy that extends beyond a few centuries. It's difficult to have a balanced discussion when the arguments in these areas all seem to come from one side and I am fully uninformed.

Please may I be recommended texts that explore the (il)legitimacy of a Jewish conspiracy, particuarly from a historical perspective. Thanks.

This question is inspired by Ken Follet’s Pillars of the Earth. There is a scene where a mason delivers his wife’s baby on his own in roughly the same time frame.

I have always, perhaps baselessly, supposed that similar to elsewhere in the Roman Empire, the regional form of Latin spoken in Italy slowly mutated into the language we now know as Italian today. I had also assumed that naming conventions formed a part of this process, with successive invasions and evolving political contexts supplanting the already adapting structures used by the Romans and their formerly strict naming conventions during the Republican period, as the societal framework which underpinned those conventions changed.

The reason I am beginning to doubt my incredibly vague timeline is the inscription on the 1st Century Arch of Titus, which renders Vespasian's name in the Italian, Vespasiano Augusto, rather than what I would have thought would be the more natural Latinised Vespasianus Augustus. Why would this be so? Does it imply Italian forms were more present even at this early point than I had thought? It seems especially strange to me given the formality of the context.

I am looking for an accurate and comprehensive (or as close as possible) non-fiction book on the Harlem Renaissance. I am not looking from fiction works based on the movement or fiction book that came out of the movement. I am looking for a historical overview of the movement, from the birth of it tot he end.

Thanks in advance!