In WW2 Germany had tremendous logistical issues sustaining forces in the USSR, including problems with separate rail gauges. How did the USSR manage logistically when the situation reversed in 1944 with soviet forces fighting in Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Hungary, etc.?

2 Answers 2020-09-09

How did the US decide to ignore Southern states in the 1864 presidential election?

It’s my understanding that they did not count any votes from southern states in that election. Were any cast? Did they have to go to the Supreme Court to get their approval?

1 Answers 2020-09-09

Why is there such a huge population difference between Canada and the US

Considering they were both settled at pretty much the same time.

I know its colder but outside of the windsor-montreal corridor the country is empty. Why?

1 Answers 2020-09-09

Why didn't Saudi Arabia claim the title of Caliph, considering that they own the Two Holy Cities, and have significant economic, military and political clout?

This question is a tie-in to my post TIL During the Philippine-American War, Ottoman Sultan Abd al-Hamid used his power as Caliph of Islam to order the submission of Filipino Muslims, at the request of the American ambassador.

Correct me if I am wrong, but in Sunni Islam, the Caliph is a head of state who is recognised by other Sunni nations as the leader of their faith, and their nation becomes known as a Caliphate.

The Ottoman Empire became a Caliphate in 1517 upon their conquest of Hejaz, a region encompassing the Two Holy Cities of Islam, Mecca and Medina. They continued to use the title of Caliph until Atatürk abolished the institution in 1924. The Mamluks, who the Ottomans captured Hejaz from, was the overlord to the previous caliphate from 1261-1517.

As the Ottoman Empire was collapsing, in 1916, the Two Holy Cities broke away from Ottoman Rule, entering under the rule of Hashemite Kingdom of Hejaz, who capitalised on this to claim the title of caliph. Then, in 1925, the Hashemite Kingdom of Hejaz was conquered by Ibn Saud, who later united the kingdoms of al-Hasa, Qatif, Nejd and the Hejaz into Saudi Arabia in 1932.

The House of Saud never claimed the title of Caliph, even after conquering Hejaz. Considering the contexts, I don't understand why:

  • Previous Sunni Muslim rulers of Hejaz claimed the title of Sunni Caliph.
  • Proclaiming themselves as Caliphs would allow Saudi Arabia to further increase their legitimacy and reputation among the Muslim world.
  • Saudi Arabia is a theocratic absolute monarchy, adhering to the extremely conservative Wahhabi form of Sunni Islam, without any pretenses of secularism.
  • Another Wahhabi group, the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, does claim the title of Caliph (but no nation ever recognised their claim), even though they have a far weaker claim (i.e. they don't own Hejaz).
  • The phenomenon of Petro-Islam refers to Saudi Arabia promoting Wahhabism around the world, and having a sizable international influence, due to its oil wealth. With so much wealth and influence, Saudi Arabia seems like they can get more international recognition of a claim to the Caliphate than the Hashemite Kingdom of Hejaz did.

3 Answers 2020-09-09

What are some good books or historical sources on The White Rose resistance?

I’m in my last year of school and have to write an essay on an original topic of my choice. I’ve picked the White Rose resistance to write about, but will only have time to read one or two books on it this school year. Any recommendations on books that cover the movement from its inception to its end? I have my on eye one or two but would really like to get something that includes all of the leaflets they wrote, as well as anything else that may be relevant to the group.

Cheers so lads

1 Answers 2020-09-09

Why is the common wealth countries like Canada and Australia looks at the British Empire with such respect but countries like India (I'm indian) and US looks at their rule as tyrannical? Like currencies of Canada and Australia have the queen on them. Were the British simply nice to them?

2 Answers 2020-09-09

Why was Margaret Thatcher such a polarising figure?

Greetings Historians of Reddit, most if not all politicians are revered by some and hated by others, but why is this so exaggerated in the case of Margaret Thatcher? From my basic understanding, people believe she helped the economy greatly at a turbulent time of industrial unrest, but this came at the cost of many working class occupations. Would anyone be able to elaborate this and help me understand further? Of course the Falklands can come into this, but was it as big a deal as the impact she had in Britain?

1 Answers 2020-09-09

Did early Scandinavian Christianity have syncretic elements of Norse paganism in it? What was it like?

1 Answers 2020-09-09

There is a lot of people claiming the Party switch happened or either it’s not real. Can someone explain that to me?

1 Answers 2020-09-09

Was President Ulysses S Grant actually a good President?

Union General Ulysses S Grant is someone who I think has had his image tarnished, being painted as a very corrupt man unfit for the presidency, but I personally believe he is someone who should be praised more when it comes to American history.

I've heard arguments it wasn't Grant himself who was corrupt and that a lot of the scandals were just plain stupid, but I am not exactly sure.

What were some accomplishments under the Grant administration? Is Grant over hated or is him being known as one of our worst presidents fair?

1 Answers 2020-09-09

Why did the US drop two nukes on Japan instead of bombing their military bases and/or government buildings?

I understand the idea of dropping nukes to prevent them from having to invade Japan. My thinking is why did tHE US not choose to bomb (not nuke) more strategic locations that would cripple the Japanese war machine? This would include their political leadership, how come they weren’t targeted instead?

1 Answers 2020-09-09

I read recently that JRR Tolkien wrote a story in the 1940s where a character traveled to other planets by astral projection because Tolkien thought physical interplanetry travel was impossible. Was that a common notion in 1940s Britain and if not why would he hold it?

To be clear, I'm asking about the idea of space travel being impossible. I'm not interested in asking about astral projection right now, though I'm sure the history of that concept is interesting in its own right.

1 Answers 2020-09-09

Why are Civilizations de-evolving so fast?

The specific example, that was in my mind, is the retreat from the Romans out of Brittain.
I mean i get, that without the traderouts of the romans, many luxuries werent available afterwards.But why would everyone surrender the comfort of living in cities and even Stone Houses etc.?

1 Answers 2020-09-09

Why is Elizabethan society considered to be a patriarchy even though it was ruled by a Queen

1 Answers 2020-09-09

In the 1700s, why didn't armies carry two guns instead of reloading in firing lines?

It seems incredibly foolish to sit in firing lines in open cover and fire blankly at the enemy, standing and reloading. Why didn't they carry multiple weapons, or develop a smaller weapon that could fire without reloading? We see the gatling gun, so it's obvious that was an issue, why limit it to heavy support weaponry? What was the purpose of it all?

Edit: I should probably say I'm looking for why they chose the methods they did, rather than why they didn't do this specific example. It seems really inefficient and weird to do things that way but there must have been SOME reason.

2 Answers 2020-09-09

Did 18th century Americans age whiskey in oak barrels?

I make whiskey professionally and am mostly interested in traditional alcoholic beverages. I know that corn whiskey was a big deal not just as a beverage but as a means as a currency in what counted as the “west” at the time, leading to why the Whiskey Rebellion was not just about boozing up but about commerce in regions where American currency was not widely available. There’s a great amount of romanticism about traditional American spirits being aged in oak but historically there isn’t A) an idea of corn whiskey being aged on charred oak until the the 19th century when it was an attempt to counterfeit French spirits, and B) oak would have been much more valuable in building ships.

So, is it reasonable to assume revolution era corn whiskey was more likely to be aged in clay or glass than wood?

1 Answers 2020-09-09

How did American baseball teams in the 1800s schedule games?

For example: Boston needs to travel to St. Louis to play a series, and that's a long distance to travel in 1880. Do they just send letters back and forth over the winter discussing possible dates? Or does the league just schedule all the games like they do today? Does the home team make arrangements for accommodations for the visiting team or does the team on the road make their own arrangements with local hotels by mail prior to arriving?

1 Answers 2020-09-09

What would the GDP of the Roman Empire be at it’s zenith?

Having taken several economics courses in college as well as being a fan of history, I got to thinking about how wealthy old kingdoms and empires would actually be.

1 Answers 2020-09-09

What was Japan's offer of conditional surrender to the allies?

I have heard that Japan offered the allies terms of conditional surrender before Hiroshima and Nagasaki, but there are conflicting sources on what exactly was included in that offer. Some sources say Japan simply wanted to keep their emperor as the absolute ruler of Japan. Others say the offer was much more ridiculous, with Japan even asking to keep much of the territory gained by them during the war. Are either of these claims true, if not, what was Japan's offer of peace to the allies?

1 Answers 2020-09-09

Why was immunity granted to Shiro Ishii of Unit 731 but not to Josef Mengele?

1 Answers 2020-09-09

Did Jewish scientists that fled Nazi Germany and Nazi scientists that came to the US as a result of Operation Paperclip ever work together? What were their interactions like?

2 Answers 2020-09-09

Why do (some) Arab countries have such "weird" population pyramids?

From my extremely shallow understanding of demography, the proportion of women to men tends to increase with age (in part due to war, crime, and men working more dangerous jobs). Looking at Saudi Arabia and Kuwait as examples, the reverse is true. There are other nearby countries such as Somalia, Iran, and Iraq whose pyramids look much more "normal".

What happened 60 years ago in the gulf to set this off?

1 Answers 2020-09-09

Why did Australians vote against a constitutional amendment for simultaneous elections in 1977?

In Australia, we have two Houses of Parliament, similar to the US Congress: we have a House of Representatives and a Senate.

The two houses sit different terms, and because of that can have elections at different times. In practice, we always have the elections at the same time, but its possible to have them at different times.

[According to Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1977_Australian_referendum_(Simultaneous_Elections)), in 1977 the government tried to make it LAW that the elections MUST be at the same time - this needs a constitutional change, which goes to the voting public.

62% (!!) of people voted for it, but in 3 (out of 6) states the public voted against it - a majority of states are needed to change the constitution, so it failed.

According to Wikipedia, the governments of those three states (Tasmania, Queensland, and Western Australia), campaigned against the amendment, causing the public to vote "no".

Why?

1 Answers 2020-09-09

Why didn't Canada also rebel along with the other colonies against the British?

Both were British colonies in North America, right? What difference caused the northern colonies to stay with the British?

1 Answers 2020-09-09

Roughly how much Roman influence would be visible in Welsh Culture in Post Anglo-Saxon/Early Medieval Britain? Would people of that time known about the Roman Period?

This question is mostly prompted by the anime/manga series Vinland Saga (spoilers, FWIW, for roughly the first 50 chapters or so.) A series that takes place mostly around the North Sea world in the early 11th century and follows a fictional life of the real explorer Thorfinn Karlsefni as he has various adventures and meets historical figures like Lief Erikson and Canute the Great. I'm just a layperson but I'd generally characterize the historicity of the show as well researched but also totally willing to make people larger than life or go with the coolest possible version of the history that's vaguely supported by known facts or more legendary sources. One character struck me as unusually implausible though (outside of, like, people with superhuman combat prowess) and it made me wonder.

The character Askeladd is a half Danish, half Welsh Viking whose mother was taken as a slave by a viking and who believed herself to be a living descendant of Lucius Artorius Castus/King Arthur, and his true name is also revealed to be "Lucius Artorius Castus". Askeladd is unusually knowledgeable about Roman history. He knows about the ancient celtic peoples that preceded roman occupation, while sitting among Roman Ruins in Bath, England he knows who built them and that it was hundreds of years before the events of the story. When travelling through Wales, they meet a military officer or noble who wears armor and a robe that are vaguely roman looking, and has a latin name. They sail ships that look somewhat like Biremes, and are generally aware of themselves as the last Romano Britons. Most of the characters they meet look more "medieval" and have welsh names, but none of them are surprised by the quasi roman dude.

My question is, is any of this remotely plausible contemporaneous to the Danish conquest of England ~1010-1020? The Bireme looking ships strike me as especially fanciful, but would any Welsh people at this time or for the several hundred years before have had Latin names, Latin inspired dress or knowledge of Roman Britain? Would any people, even especially learned people, have been aware of a legendary figure like King Arthur and known them to have been a Roman general or leader?

1 Answers 2020-09-08

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