I am look for either a comprehensive single of multi-volume source

I do not believe there is one (which is surprising for such a pressing issue) but thought I would ask

I'm referring to Imperial Russia of the early XIX century.

Now, this is not taking into account slang, only formal, official languages. How far could Latin, or Germanic languages like English, Spanish, French and German take me? Would Asian languages such as Japanese, Chinese or Hindi be able to take me back further?

Also for bonus points, which dead language could I learn well enough today to allow me to survive in the past, ancient Greek, Latin, Sumerian?

It seems to be well-documented that European colonists (and African slaves) brought with them a number of Euroasian diseases that spread among the Native populations of the Americas and decimated them.

However, are there any recorded instances of diseases endemic to the Americas that the colonists caught (and lacked immunity to) and spread in Europe/Asia/Africa? If not, how come?

As title says, I want to learn more about Japanese history. Not really any particular period, mostly due to my lack of knowledge. Any recommendations would be appreciated, thanks!

I've seen a few questions asked here of late which have made me scratch my head a bit - things like "were there wizards in medieval armies" or "were there monster-hunting guilds in the middle ages". Extrapolating a bit I can only surmise that these folks were looking for historical justifications or origins for tropes in pop culture fantasy media. For those who teach history, is this an observable trend, and if so, does it create a barrier to understanding the period? I'm aware of many of the popular misconceptions about the period, but I've not seen outright blurring of the line between history and pop-culture fantasy before, but then I'm of an age where the market for Fantasy, particularly young-adult stuff, was not a major cultural force when I was young.

The general historiography of Mongol Invasion by non-Mongolian sources appears to depict the invasions as a matter of imbalance between numbers of aggressors and defenders with the emphasis on vastness of Mongolian fighters' amount. How much historicity is in that? Did numbers win the battles for Mongolians? If not, what gave the Mongols such upper hand at almost all battlefields they stood? Was it their tactical skills usually praised for its beyond-age motional aspect and agility? Or rather, was it their highly advanced topographical perception and informational meticulousness giving the advantage? How effective was their long-admired informational conveyance and military logistics in toppling numerous foes?

Considering their unique, swift, startling overall success, what made the difference between them and predecessor Asian horserider invaders pretty much described as similar by the terms of military historians?

Edit: Corrections.

How was the Gestapo formed and what was Germany's justification for it to the public? Was there any news coverage of its formation at the time-- if so what was the tone of that coverage? Who were the people joining this secret police force (demographics)? Upon it's creation, how and where were the Gestapo placed throughout Germany / occupied territory? What was the extent of what they were originally allowed to do in the beginning vs later, if any?

When the Danes raided and invaded parts of England and establishing the Danelaw, what was the initial reaction of the ordinary anglo-saxon?

Was the relationship between the Anglo-Saxons and Danes in Danelaw and the rest of England bitter, or did they live together peacefully?

Did most of the Anglo-Saxons dislike the Danes?

The post in question seemed awfully partisan, but I know essentially nothing about the Indian subcontinent in the seventeenth century.

Are there extant socio-political groups that view the Taj Mahal as a symbol of atrocity/oppression? Why?

In books and films about these time periods, there are often descriptions/depictions of wealthy/upper-class women playing the piano as a symbol of their "accomplishment." I don't think I've ever come across any mention of a woman playing any other type of instrument in these eras. Was the piano the only socially acceptable instrument for women of this class to play, and if so, why?

Specifically WWI & WWII pilots since there were so many planes up in the air, but would also be very interested in anything from Ancient weather devices up-to 1970’s (right before modern weather systems became prevalent!)

How did they track & share info about weather patterns? Did you just look up at the sky? Was there a dude high up on a mountain looking for storms? If so, how would he communicate to other what weather was coming?

I know the Crow’s Nest was a lookout point on (all?) ships, and it would only make sense to also look for weather while you’re up there. But was there any other way to find out about what you were sailing into?

All ive really heard is that he mistreated the natives when he landed in the west indies, mistakenly believing he had landed in India. Many bash Columbus but im not really clear on what exactly he did that was so appalling. How was he any different from Spanish colonizers at the time? Hernan Cortez for comparison committed many atrocities against the Aztecs and basically took over what is modern day Mexico City which would stay in Spanish hands until Mexico's independence in the 1800s. Nobody bashes on Hernan Cortez but they do bash Christopher Columbus. So id like to know, what exactly did he do upon landing to the natives? How was it any different from other Spanish colonizers?

Myst was released to widespread critical acclaim (for Mac in 1993, and Windows 3.1 in 1994), and would remain the best-selling PC game of all time until 2002 (edged out by The Sims -- also largely non-violent, though with remarkable openness to sadism). Anyone who has played Myst will remember that there is barely any action and arguably not even the opportunity for violence, with the player instead forced to unravel a complex mystery involving magical books, alternate worlds, and the pitfalls of the creative spirit. I realize a 1-to-1 comparison between this and arcade-style console fighting games is a bit unreasonable, but, given that Myst would end up outselling more violent fare even on PCs, did any parental or religious groups vocally praise the game for providing an alternative?