I've long been fascinated by the KoK but never come across a comprehensive history. Recommendatioms with any scope and angle are welcome (whole era, focus on triangle trade, as part of a broader West African history, etc).

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Is it true that farmers were denied or at least restricted from eating till they had reached their quotas?

And, as a follow-up, is the Holy See the only still-operational institution founded by the Romans (Original Roman Republic and Empire, as opposed to Byzantium, Holy Rome or Gothic Italy)?

Did they think that the Maginot-line would stop them dead in their tracks?

Most of my historical reading is in the ancient world, where slaves are often involved in conflicts in the sense that one side or the other promises them freedom for fighting with them: this seems essentially transactional rather than appealing to national feeling. I'd guess that slaves in the Roman Empire who had powerful/prestigious roles and material comforts might have felt part of Roman civilisation and identified with it.

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But did American politicians or slave-owners expect chattel slaves to be stirred by the Star-Spangled Banner or to identify as part of America, or similar for other more recent slave-owning countries ? Would they have even wanted them to, or would identity with the nation (especially one 'founded on liberty') be too revolutionary?

North and South (and Central) America are derived from Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci latinized name. Asia comes from the Ancient Greeks, in reference to Asia Minor. Australia comes from the latin term meaning South. Oceania has its roots in French. And while Africa has many hypothesized etymologies, most are rooted in Latin and Roman origin.

So basically, what I am asking is if any indigenous Americans, Africans, Asians, Australians / Oceanic people have any other pre-colonial / non-European term used to denote their continent? Did they even have concepts of continents or somesort of division of landmass? Did their idea of what is a continent match what we consider a continent today (example: did pre-colonial Aborgines consider Australia to be three seperate continents and had unique names for all of them?)

Antarctica left out for obvious reasons

So let's say, I have a book written by a historian. And I want to establish the historiography, how would I go about finding out which historians have may reference to said book?

If anyone could answer for me:

• What exactly is the relationship between hoplite and phalanx?
• What us the relationship between hoplite/phalanx and state?

Burning questions that I feel was not properly answered by my lecturer..

Thanks in advance!

I’m watching this Ken Burns WW2 and on on the invasion of Normandy,France. I know it was a 3 part plan. Part 3 was storming the shores. The beach invasion. Why didn’t they just bomb the hell out of the Germans at Normandy before they took the beach ? Like right before?

I’m reading this book called The Ties That Bound and it analyzes primary sources from medieval England. I was surprised by how common it was for pigs to kill children. I have so many questions! Where did the pigs come from and why were they able to wander into homes? And likewise how did toddlers get outside without supervision? Did people not have functioning doors with locks and handles? Are pigs particularly violent, more than other animals? Were these domestic pigs being raised as livestock, or more likely wild pigs? Would a pig eat a child? Were children taught to fear pigs?

22 inches seems SO small. I’ve heard a few things about why this might be:

• altered garments are typically cut down and not made bigger. It is often not possible to make a dress bigger but it’s easy enough to make one smaller. These dresses have been handed down and have been cut down to fit smaller and smaller people.
• people used to be smaller and skinnier (but surely 22” was still a small waist?)
• corsets (how many inches could they alter a waist, though?)

Is it one of these reasons? Or a combination?

was it maybe actually common to have a 22” waist 100-200 years ago?

There seems to be a distinct lack of information on them except for the fact that they raided Roman Britain. And from what I've read, they appear to have just become the Scots somewhere around the 12th century.

I understand many people likely did not send packages with second party (unless it was a friend, family member, or trusted community member), but rather held onto them until such a time as they were able to visit the recipient and deliver the item themselves. But I imagine that there were especially wealthy and powerful people who could hire someone specifically for the job of overseeing delivery. Emissaries, ambassadors, and diplomats assuredly carried gifts from their employer.

What happened if this person failed their job (e.g they were robbed during attempted delivery)? Were they held liable for the value of the items lost? Were they fired, forgiven, or killed? Accused of theft or fraud?

I've had tremendous difficulty location information on this from any pre-modern time-period, in any location.

I understand that historical Europe probably had a lot of sexism, but ruling Queens occupied the most powerful positions in the country, and could surely have anyone they wanted executed for mistreating them.

Despite this power imbalance between them and the rest of the population, are there any outright examples of sexism they faced?

Apologies if this is an ignorant question, it's not intended to be.

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