Were Type 1 Diabetics euthanized or sterilized by the Nazis in the 1930s and 1940s?

World Diabetes Day is coming up in a few days, and I have been unable to find any information on whether type 1 diabetics faced the same oppressions that disabled groups faced from Nazi Germany. I was wondering if there is any information out there? Thanks!

1 Answers 2018-11-10

Was America isolated during history till its discovery in the 15th century ?

What I mean is, while democracy, and civilization, and cities, and politics, and philosophy, and language, and Rome, and Caesar, and Greece, and Athens, and Jesus, and and Catholicism was happening in Eurasia, was there really nothing going on in the Americas?

1 Answers 2018-11-10

AskHistorians_Podcast 124 -- Superman, Super-books: The History and Culture of Comic Book

Episode 124 is up!

The AskHistorians Podcast is a project that highlights the users and answers that have helped make r/AskHistorians one of the largest history discussion forums on the internet. You can subscribe to us via iTunes, Stitcher, or RSS, and now on YouTube and Google Play. You can also catch the latest episodes on SoundCloud. If there is another index you'd like the cast listed on, let me know!

This Episode: This week we are joined by /u/mydearestangelica, also known as Caitlin Smith-Oyekole, a Ph.D. candidate in American literature at the University of Notre Dame, where she focuses on doubt in American literature from the Great Awakening to the Civil War.

Previous projects have focused on print culture and musical practice in colonial New England, the incipient crisis of authority in 16th -century radical Protestant rhetoric, and more. She is here today to talk to us about the history of the superhero narrative, from Golden Age Superheroes to the Marvel Cinematic Universe!

Please take the podcast improvement and opinion poll here.

Questions? Comments?

If you want more specific recommendations for sources or have any follow-up questions, feel free to ask them here! Also feel free to leave any feedback on the format and so on.

If you like the podcast, please rate and review us on iTunes.

Thanks all!

Next Episode: tune in for a surprise!

Want to support the Podcast? Help keep history interesting through the AskHistorians Patreon.

3 Answers 2018-11-10

What are some great books on the Resistance to Hitler, Mussolini, and Nazi Occupation of France?

I know about that there was resistance movements against the fascist regimes in Germany and Italy as well as the occupation of France. However, I actually know very little of the details of the resistance and would like to learn more. What do you think are the best books on this subject? It can be as comprehensive and scholarly as you want. Or, if possible, personal accounts by people partaking in the anti-fascist resistance. I look forward to reading your suggestions.

2 Answers 2018-11-10

How much credence is there to the theory that Socrates never existed?

I read a claim online that Socrates may have been a literary device invented by Plato. The person claimed that Plato and his students were the only sources that mention Socrates. I find this doubtful given that Socrates and his life seem to be treated like a real person by Plato. Have historians entertained the idea that Socrates may not have existed?

1 Answers 2018-11-09

What is a Historians' Definition of a Civil War?

I always thought it was when a war is contained and fought between two sides within the same country. But I'm realizing that every civil war has outside influence, for example, the International Brigades and German/Italian intervention during the Spanish Civil War of the late 1930s. Many thanks, /r/AskHistorians!

1 Answers 2018-11-09

How did Native Americans in North America organize their societies?

I've heard of the Haudenosaunee Confederation, but I also wonder what other government systems indigenous peoples also utilized?

1 Answers 2018-11-09

How come that the europeans conquered amerika and it wasnt the other way around? Why where the europeans much more advanced than the native amerikans during the 16th century?

1 Answers 2018-11-09

King Tut's Sarcophagus was solid gold and weighed 111kg. Where did Egypt get that much gold?

Considering the amount of gold stored in King Tut's tomb, and assuming that other pharaohs had similar burials, that seems an incredible amount of gold to bury in the ground and never see again (which, I suppose, the grave-robbers also agreed upon).

Where did the Kingdom of Egypt get all that gold? Did they use this gold for trade (was gold an import based on their exports)? Did other historical kingdoms (not necessarily at the same time as King Tut's burial) have more or less gold?

1 Answers 2018-11-09

Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings depicts an almost-completely-depopulated Third Age Middle-earth with only a handful of isolated towns and villages. How does this compare to 1066 England or France?

Tolkien himself equated Middle-earth's weapons and armour to that depicted on the Bayeux Tapestry, so let's take 1066 as our reference. Were Britain and France comparably desolate and depopulated?

1 Answers 2018-11-09

Many people knew how big the world was at time of Columbus. Using that knowledge and knowing how long his trip was, how widespread among academics and scholars was the belief that Columbus had not actually made it to Asia early after his first voyage?

1 Answers 2018-11-09

(How) Did African Americans (Free and Enslaved) participate in colonial protests before Crispus Attucks and the Boston Massacre?

There is plenty of documentation about African Americans in the military during the Revolution, but I'm interested in how free and enslaved Blacks participated in civil disobedience throughout the 1750s and 1760s before the more legendary Crispus Attucks became familiar.

Hope you guys can help! Thanks!

1 Answers 2018-11-09

The Aztec are portrayed as far more bloodthirsty than contemporary 16th century Eurasian cultures. Charles Mann in '1491' argues that earl modern European states used as 'ceremonial' murder as much as Aztecs. What sources is he using and how much do we know about the comparative rates in both?

TL:DR How much more or less did Europeans murder other Europeans in ceremonial contexts

The image of Aztecs in popular media, and more broadly Mesoamerican peoples (thanks Apocalyptico), portrays a people that were far more bloodthirsty and murderous (sacrificial slave raids, skull temples, etc.) than 'civilized' Early Modern Europe. How much of this is simply blindness to how European states conducted 'justice,' rooted out 'heresy' and engaged in warfare? IE Did Europeans murder their own people within a culturally understood context (to this day understood) to a greater extent than the Aztecs?

1 Answers 2018-11-09

How did the Gerousia decide which baby should and shouldn't live in Sparta? What were their criteria?

[deleted]

1 Answers 2018-11-09

How much did King George's mental health issues impact how the Founding Fathers created the Executive Branch?

1 Answers 2018-11-09

Nazi Germany was quite open about its plans to Aryanise/enslave/exterminate the Slavic peoples of Europe during WW2 (Russians, Poles, Czechs...) At the same time, Bulgaria was a German allied power. Did this cause qualms, tensions, fears, etc., in Bulgaria?

1 Answers 2018-11-09

The widespread notion of Medieval Europe as a backward wasteland is now generally attributed to bias of Enlightenment thinkers. When and how did people start challenging those narratives?

3 Answers 2018-11-09

Need help with American POWs in World War II

I apologize if I have broken any rules, please let me know and I will rephrase my post and post title.

My uncle died this week and going through some papers we discovered this letter. We know he was a POW and captured at the Battle of the Bulge and released once the war was over. I am looking for some clarification on this letter my grandmother received, the names have been blocked out-https://imgur.com/a/pEyCvZX

My questions are- In the last paragraph it describes "tobacco labels" Were the POWs getting cigarettes from home?

Were POWs getting letters from home? At the time of this letter/stage of the war would my grandmother been able to get letters to my uncle?

How much do we know about Stalag 4 B?

I was surprised to find out that the German government at this stage of the war was still functioning enough to send the U.S. Army information on their troops. Up until when was the German government and army incapable of governing or functioning?

My uncle said that while in the POW camp they were served potato skins and made soup out of them. My question is this accurate? Not necessarily the type of food but rather the poor quality of food. If so was it a result of the conditions in Germany i.e. food shortages or rather just poor treatment of POWs by the Germans?

1 Answers 2018-11-09

Diethyl ether is extremely cheap to manufacture, is not especially toxic, and has anesthetic and euphoric effects. What prevented it from becoming widespread as a recreational drug, as similar anesthetics (ketamine, nitrous oxide, etc.) have?

2 Answers 2018-11-09

Was there any chance for Portugal to take the strait of Gibraltar during the Reconquista?

1 Answers 2018-11-09

How much did feudal lords know about the roman republic? Did they know about Consuls or about Julius Caesar?

kinda moving with that idea why was a professional military never attempted (successfully) by an ambitious lord. surely a professional legion would be far better then the levies?

and by professional I mean more then just professional soldiers i mean like the organization too

1 Answers 2018-11-09

Is the claim that "70-80 Argentines died in the initial landings in the Falklands" true?

There is a guy who posts all over the internet promoting his book, which claims to tell an untold story, hidden for propaganda reasons until now, where the Royal Marines who defended the island in Operation Rosario actually killed 70-80 Argentines in an epic last stand without sustaining a single wounded. The Argentine and UK governments both then, apparently, covered everything up.

Here is one of his post's on Quora promoting this idea.

Is there any evidence for this at all? Anyone involved in professional study of the war who could chime in especially?

1 Answers 2018-11-09

Friday Free-for-All | November 09, 2018

Previously

Today:

You know the drill: this is the thread for all your history-related outpourings that are not necessarily questions. Minor questions that you feel don't need or merit their own threads are welcome too. Discovered a great new book, documentary, article or blog? Has your Ph.D. application been successful? Have you made an archaeological discovery in your back yard? Did you find an anecdote about the Doge of Venice telling a joke to Michel Foucault? Tell us all about it.

As usual, moderation in this thread will be relatively non-existent -- jokes, anecdotes and light-hearted banter are welcome.

15 Answers 2018-11-09

Can anyone recommend books on the counter-reformation?

I'm realizing that my grasp on that is very tenuous and wanted to get a better understanding of it.

1 Answers 2018-11-09

Did African slaves in America really have sex with white slave owners daughters, and wives?

If so what did the slave owner usually do about it? And why did the slaves do it?

1 Answers 2018-11-09

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