As the question stated, it seems like European warfare already had evolved from US Civil War tactics. Did either the Northern or Southern forces realize this? Did either sides army/generals consider getting training in Europe, or hire European generals to train/lead their forces?

Under what authority did they seemingly take control of the eastern half of the Republic and gather these thousands of soldiers? When I read about it, it seems so sudden given that it all happened within two years of Caesar's death.

I’m thinking something like how a non-rifled barrel on a gun just became outclassed by guns with rifled barrels. Did something similar happen with how almost every culture developed a sword with a similar design?

Some of you may be aware, but there was some controversy during yesterday’s World Cup match between Serbia and Switzerland. Two Swiss players of Albanian decent celebrated goals with hand gestures with a nod to Albania. I am woefully ignorant on the topic and would like to know more.

Would anyone be able to point me towards good reading material on the subject or care to explain the history? Thank you!

Have humans always milked cows and drank their milk? If so who the fuck thought to even do that?

After the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, did the general American public wish to only go to war with Japan or did they support a wider war against the Axis as a whole? If Hitler had not declared war on America, is it likely that general American public would have wanted the United States to fight Hitler as well or to focus only on Japan? How likely was it after Pearl Harbor that the US government would declare war on Hitler had Hitler not declared war on America first?

[deleted]

[deleted]

Links to articles/books in lieu of direct answers are just fine!

Or, did they have an equivalent to science fiction?

I know tons of ancient Greek philosophers - Plato, Aristotle, etc - and lots Western Roman ones - Cicero, Seneca.

Even without being an expert these names mean something to me. Despite that I know not one great Byzantine Philosopher, Poet, Historian. There is obviously some reinterpretation of the ancient Greeks (especially in relation to Christianity) but is that all? Is that just my own ignorance (which is quite possible) or was there just not much 'high quality output' in these areas? One would expect that a rich and long lasting empire like the Byzantines created lots of these.

So what should a person interested in philosophy, culture and maybe religion know about these people?

Did they have some sort of paste, or is there proof of brushes being used in the past?

From what I can tell Mustafa Ataturk was mainly concerned about social reform and building a modern turkey. Why did these moderate political views thrive in turkey during a time when facist and communist ideas where thriving all over the world? Where their any notable right wing fringe movements in turkey that wanted to restore the ottoman empire at its place of being the world power in the middle east? And if so, did they have any realistic chance of coming to power?

This may seem like a dumb question, but i couldn't find anything which touches on this subject so far. During the Ptolemaic Dynasty, did they know how old the Giza Pyramids were, how it was built, who built it and for what purpose?

And what about when Egypt was once a Roman Province, what exactly did they tell the Romans about the pyramids?

what were they called, what did they look like and what was there chivalry/bushido

I recently read that, contrary to what is seen and read in popular movies and literature, the primary target of a spearman or swordsman in battle was the legs, in order to render their opponent unable to fight. They did not primarily aim for the torso or head for a "killing blow". True or untrue?

We're taught in history during school of the hardships the Jewish had during the reign of Hitler, but was life just fine for Germans that Hitler approved of?

Hello all,

I’ve just finished up my undergraduate degree in history and since being home I’m having a hard time adjusting to the fact that it is extremely difficult to locate and get my hands on scholarly sources for my own personal research purposes.

During my undergraduate career I focused mostly on West African history and gained a specific interest in the workings of the Sokoto Caliphate and Uthman Dan Fodio. Since graduating I have been trying to get my hands on some more texts to expand and cement my knowledge. I am considering going back for grad school to pursue a masters.

It seems most texts that I was told are taken as the sources are very rare and quite expensive. Specifically I have been looking for works by Murray Last can’t seem to find anything under $100.

Do you have any advice where I could obtain materials for the Sokoto Caliphate without having to go into debt ? They do not have to be by Mr. last and I’ve quite a few works by Paul Lovejoy already. I just would like some credible sources not written by amateurs on amazon.

Thanks in advance

How much of the current USA did Spain explore and claim? How did it end up in the hands of the British or the colonist? ELI5 version.