In the US has a special prosecutor ever been assigned and not found anything?

With the Department of Justice assigning Muller as the Special Counsel to head the Russia probe, I'm curious if there has ever been a case of a special prosecutor being assigned where they didn't find anything or at least some evidence of wrong doing.

1 Answers 2017-05-19

When historians warn against "presentism", are they assuming that there's no such thing as objective morality?

I've seen lots of people on the Internet criticize others for making moral judgments about past figures, and they often criticize them in the name of 'presentism'. It's not clear to me whether actual historians use the term in this way (see this earlier thread), but I've certainly seen top-voted comments on /r/askhistorians and /r/badhistory using the term as a way of discouraging people (all people, not just historians in the middle of doing research) from making moral judgments (especially negative moral judgments) about historical figures.

But the strange thing is that virtually all of the discussion seems to take for granted a highly controversial philosophical assumption: viz., that there are no objective moral facts. That's not all: discussants also seem to assume that knowledge of objective moral facts is impossible, and making true judgments has no intrinsic value. Instead, the going assumption seems to be, there's no point in making moral judgments about the past because moral judgments are all arbitrary and subjective and just a way of patting ourselves on the back for our own superiority while ignoring the fact that our values are shaped by an upbringing that other people didn't have access to. The idea that some actions are objectively wronger than others and that some people are objectively more virtuous than others and that there is value in recognizing these objective facts seems to never even be on the table.

Now maybe these assumptions are being made, and maybe they aren't:

  1. If they are being made, then historians who make these assumptions are in huge trouble. They are wading into an enormous philosophical controversy, and they are taking the minority position without ever engaging with the voluminous metaethical literature on moral objectivity.
  2. If they aren't being made, then I don't see how the badge of 'presentism' can be used to discourage people from making moral judgments about historical figures. Perhaps it is good methodological practice for historians to scrupulously avoid moral judgments while in the middle of doing research. But why on earth should the rest of us (or historians in their off-hours) refrain from making such judgments, especially if we do so after making sure to be well-informed about the circumstances of what we are judging?

Can anyone give an explanation of what exactly is going on here? Thanks.

1 Answers 2017-05-19

What's the difference between Sunni and Shia Muslims?

[deleted]

1 Answers 2017-05-19

How did Muslims perform the Hajj before the modern era?

Were there organizations to guide people? What about accommodations in Mecca itself?

1 Answers 2017-05-19

How did the American voting public respond to the Nixon scandal?

I was looking for something that might deal with the immediate aftermath and maybe a couple of years out. Did it create any mistrust in the federal government or cause problems for the Republican Party at either state or local levels? I've been told that the 70s were this downward spiral of national shame due to things like Vietnam, Nixon, Carter and the Soviets beating the USA in basketball at the Olympics. I'm looking more specifically what the aftermath of Nixon was in terms of the American people rather than institutions.

1 Answers 2017-05-19

Has Newport News Shipbuilding been the sole provider of US aircraft carriers throughout history? If so how did they corner that market, if not what happened to the other guys?

1 Answers 2017-05-19

In World War 2 was it necessary to drop 2 Atomic Bombs on Japan, and why hasn't this had long lasting negative effects to the general disposition of the Japanese towards the US?

1 Answers 2017-05-19

Why do African nations (generally; there are obviously some exceptions) need so much more international aid than the rest of the world?

Why is Africa still 'behind the times' so to speak in this day and age?

I get that the after effects of colonialism are a factor, but many former colonies are now fully developed countries that have become huge players on the international scene while a large percentage of African nations are still rampant with hunger, disease, undeveloped tribes, dictators, and warlords.

My understanding is that with large amounts of international aid, it is now beginning to turn around, but why has it taken this long, and why do they require so much aid to accomplish it? Are there simply fewer natural resources that make it hard to create an effective economy? What are the factors here?

So my question is: why is this?

1 Answers 2017-05-19

How detailed was the warning issued by The United States to Japan concerning the atomic bomb?

I know that they were advised that we could totally destroy them, but how much of an effort did we really make? Did Japan have any idea that we had a nuclear program? Did we make it clear and they tried to call our bluff?

1 Answers 2017-05-19

Did the British drop single shot firearms into Nazi occupied territory during WWII to encourage the oppressed people to rise up against the Nazis?

A few months ago, my father told me the story I put in the title (or at least some version of it that I can't recall all the details of). The story sounds plausible, but I would have thought if it were true, there would be much more talk about it, especially considering a major reason that staunch Second Amendment supporters give for their support is that they think the government might become malicious.

I don't want to talk about gun control or anything, I just want to know if the story my dad told has any element of truth to it. And if it does, I'd love to get some more detail about it.

1 Answers 2017-05-19

What was Fascist Germany's opinion on Mormonism?

While they did execute at least one member of the church, Helmuth Hübener was arrested for giving pamphlets to the French, not his religion, so I do not think religion was a factor.

1 Answers 2017-05-19

How democratic was Lenin?

I have heard a lot of things about his figure but mostly biased for or agains what he represented, but what is the actual, objective truth?

1 Answers 2017-05-19

Why do some old history books use Latin/Greek without translation? When did this become unacceptable?

For instance, I'm currently reading Ronald Syme's Roman Revolution and I've run across this a lot. The footnotes are especially littered with untranslated passages in Latin from Dio, Tacitus, Livy, etc.

I understand that Latin/Greek used to be a bigger part of education. And, obviously, there is much to be said for reading texts in the original language. But I take a work of history of this sort to be aimed at academics (or at least historians) pretty broadly, many of whom work in areas where no competency in Latin is needed. What was the justification for not providing translations of Latin/Greek and when did it cease to be a thing.

2 Answers 2017-05-19

AskHistorians Podcast 086 - So You Wanna Be A Historian - Historical Thought, Methods, Historiography, and the Historians Toolbox

Episode 86 is up!

The AskHistorians Podcast is a project that highlights the users and answers that have helped make /r/AskHistorians one of the largest history discussion forums on the internet. You can subscribe to us via iTunes, Stitcher, or RSS, and now on YouTube and Google Play. You can also catch the latest episodes on SoundCloud. If there is another index you'd like the cast listed on, let me know!

This Episode:

Doug Priest (/u/TenMinuteHistory) gives an absolutely fascinating and in-depth look at the ‘meta’ of history--that is, a conversation on historiography and historical thinking. This is an episode that will be really focused on the nuts and bolts of doing history and how historians think and the places they come from. You can consider it your own personal grad school theory crash course! This week's podcast will be followed by a special bonus episode on Monday in our weekly Monday Methods thread, so please check back and join us there! Visit our guest at www.tenminutehistory.com (77m)

Questions? Comments?

If you want more specific recommendations for sources or have any follow-up questions, feel free to ask them here! Also feel free to leave any feedback on the format and so on.

If you like the podcast, please rate and review us on iTunes.

Thanks all!

Previous episode and discussion.

Next Episode: /u/400-Rabbits is back as host!

Want to support the Podcast? Help keep history interesting through the AskHistorians Patreon.

7 Answers 2017-05-19

In English, a lot of newspapers have similar names. Some seem obvious such as Times or Herald. But how did names like The Star and the Sun become associated with news?

1 Answers 2017-05-19

Friday Free-for-All | May 19, 2017

Previously

Today:

You know the drill: this is the thread for all your history-related outpourings that are not necessarily questions. Minor questions that you feel don't need or merit their own threads are welcome too. Discovered a great new book, documentary, article or blog? Has your Ph.D. application been successful? Have you made an archaeological discovery in your back yard? Did you find an anecdote about the Doge of Venice telling a joke to Michel Foucault? Tell us all about it.

As usual, moderation in this thread will be relatively non-existent -- jokes, anecdotes and light-hearted banter are welcome.

11 Answers 2017-05-19

How come ruins are mostly found buried underground?

I have no idea if this is the right subreddit, but here goes.

So a little explanation..

What are reasons that constructions from ages ago are always buried underground and found during excavations etc? I can understand plant growth and such, but 5 meters below the surface we often find old buildings. I'm quite fascinated as how it ends up like that..

1 Answers 2017-05-19

A 1944 automotive history book mentions two African-American "sects" - the Know the Truths and the Never-Die-Sanctified. What were these groups? What happened to them?

The book is Combustion on Wheels: An Informal History of the Automobile Age by David L. Cohn. I haven't read it but it is quoted in another book I am reading. The two sects are mentioned as ones which "can afford neither a regular pastor nor even a church building" and therefore rely on transient preachers in cars.

1 Answers 2017-05-19

I am a Marine on a British ship in the late 18th century. What is my job during the days when we're just sailing on the seas?

1 Answers 2017-05-19

What are some good books on ancient letters, texts and other primary sources?

Hi, I hope I am not breaking any of the subreddit rules, as this is is not really a specific question but more a request for a book. However I do feel that this subreddit is probably the one that can help me with this.

So the thing is I am looking for a book containing ancient texts translated into english (although german would be alright as well). After translating and reading ancient roman letters, texts and primary sources at school, I thought it would be really interesting to read something similar from other cultures, like the ancient greek, egyptians or babylonians. I have been looking for such a book for a while, but I haven't found anything so I would really appreciate it if you could recommend any books to me.

2 Answers 2017-05-19

In The Merovingian Kingdoms by Ian Wood, he states that Chilperic I made poor poetry. Do we have any of this poetry nowadays, and is there a modern English translation of any of his work?

2 Answers 2017-05-19

Was the Holocaust a conspiracy theory in te 1930s/1940s before the death camps were inspected by the Allies? Or did Axis citizens largely know the government was mass murdering people?

[deleted]

1 Answers 2017-05-19

Request for literature- History of kingdoms in the East India, Deccan and South India in the early medieval period (9th-14th Century CE)

1 Answers 2017-05-19

Why did Spain bother to colonize the newly (by Europe) discovered Americas when they could've just colonised Africa ?

Spain knew about the Americas first (concerning Europe) and they colonised it before the British came and ruined their fun. But why wasn't Spain colonising Africa? It's right at their doorstep and there were plenty of resources and enough slaves for a lifetime. Why would they bother with the Americas?!

2 Answers 2017-05-19

Why were European colonies in Africa & Asia eventually returned to native rule but not in the Americas, Australia & New Zealand?

Virtually all previous European holdings and colonies in Asia and Africa are today governed & almost entirely populated by their pre-colonialist population. Why is this not the case in the Americas, Australia and New Zealand, where the aboriginal populations today are very small and yield very little political power?

1 Answers 2017-05-19

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