Did he show any personal conflict?

Throughout the 1800s you see the Germans, French, Croats, Hungarians, etc. all wanting their own nation. Many of these groups were ready to resort to violence to get a nation stage. The there are the Jews who are constantly kicked around or forced to live in specific areas. Did the Jews see themselves as belonging to a nation?

While a country like North Korea, and to a lesser extent, China and Cuba, have kept the USSR-style model of a Communist government alive, it seems to me that there is no current example of a country with a form of government like the facist states of the WWII Axis -- Germany, Italy, and Spain. While there are many authoritarian governments that do not have a ruling leftist ideology, the most prominent being Russia, those countries are better described as oligarchies or "illiberal democracies", as they do not contain many hallmarks of fascism such as ethnocentric ideologies, a social safety net for members of the "nation", cult of a leader, etc.

My question is, are there were any examples in history of governments that could be called "proto-facist", that endured for a longer time period than the 25 years or so that most facist governments existed for during WWII (with the obvious exception of Spain)?

And in a larger sense, do you think there is any specific difference between the ideologies of Facism and Communism, the two ideological poles of the early 20th century, that caused the latter to endure while the former was all but eliminated? Or was it all historical circumstance?

I'm in charge of running a historical simulation of the Vietnam War (crisis cabinet) for a Model United Nations conference.

Simply put, I'm having a lot of difficulty finding a list of key personnel in both governments, such as the Politburo in the DRV or even the names of ministers in South Vietnam. Historiography in English largely favors American involvement, and what little I can find points me mostly to only the top figures in the government like Le Duan or Ky and Thieu.

As such, it'd be tremendously appreciated if anyone can point me to resources, or any text, really, that give the names and positions of such ministers in both North and South Vietnam- preferably during the 1960s.

In addition, anything interesting about South Vietnam? It seems like an even more neglected field of study, even as more research seems to explore them as more than a simple client state. I'm reading Andrew Wiest's Vietnam's Forgotten Army, but any books/journal articles would be greatly appreciated.

Thanks so much!

When you compare the Philippines to Hispanic America it seems the Philipppines retained so much of their indigenous culture. Filipinos all speak their indigenous pre-colonial languages and most of them are not mestizos or white due to mass rape. I read somewhere that something like 1% of Filipinos can even speak the Spanish language, which is obviously a huge contrast to countries like Mexico and Peru.

I get the impression there was just total genocide of the Aztec or Mayan cultures and people when the Spanish arrived in the Americas. Most of the indigenous people died and they lost most of their culture.

Why were the two regions treated so differently? Or why do they look so different today (culturally and linguistically)? Today you could go to the Philippines and not even realise it was a Spanish colony for centuries.

For my coursework in History, my question is something along the lines of 'Why did the Mongol Empire expand so rapidly between the years 1190 to 1294.' I need two historians with differing opinions on the causes behind this, and could use some help finding them (and ideally a book written by them which expresses their opinion), would anyone be willing to help? Thanks.

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I've read that Mansa Musa was "the richest man of all time", however google only shows his net worth at around $400 billion as compared to Caesar's $4.6 trillion?

Upon quick research, I have found vastly different results. The movie Amadeus apparently displays Mozart as dying without a single penny, unknowing of his impact on the future of music.

Then others speculate he made almost equivalent to what Beethoven was demanding at that time, which was enough for comfortable living.

So is there any consensus at all for this? Or is it purely speculation based on spotty accounts? Thank you.

Edit: This is purely my curiosity, though it is worded a bit like a homework question.

I doubt we started this rhetoric clear back at the start. Was this like the whole under God thing? Were we trying to pump ourselves up during the cold war?

Clearly Austria-Hungary had its rationale for invading Serbia after the Archduke was assassinated but I understand that the Archdule wasn't that popular and his death didn't necessarily need to result in a major war. How did the Political atmosphere in A-H lead them to make such bold demands vs Serbia that would lead to war? Also what were the effects of the Balkan wars?

Hello lovelies!

I am to begin writing my MA dissertation and have decided on the topic of dissection in EME, aiming for a focus outside of Italy to avoid writing on the already oversaturated scholarship on Vesalius. I am considering an essay discussing public perception related to dissection, taboos, and speculative fear regarding the practice. I.E worries relating to the acquisition of cadavers etc.

I have acquired Klestinec's 'Theatres of anatomy', Sawday's 'The body emblazoned', and Siraisi's 'history of medicine'. Is anyone able to suggest any articles / books that may be useful?

Thanks! X

Since the carriers were always moving, simply keeping track of courses, speeds and distances wouldn't have been accurate. Did they have radio navigation back then?

I've recently read a few posts and comments about the Nazi Party having various gay members, and how it was viewed as a good and masculine thing. I'd like to get a better understanding of this since Gay Nazis seems contradictory.

As a follow up question: What is the history of homosexuality in the broader Fascist movements of the 20th century? I realize this is a more open question so I understand if it can't be answered easily.