forgot to put in the question mark, pls dont execute me

I had this thought this morning. Did pirates speak differently than their contemporaries? Or was it that all seafaring types spoke differently? Or did everybody at the time (or nobody) say stuff like "Arr me matey"?

I'm looking for information to be as general or in depth as possible.

Anishinaabe peoples have a cultural history I'm particularly interested in but don't really know where to start learning from source wise, and given the tendency for so much of their history, traditions, mythology, stories, etc to have been passed on through oral tradition I recognize that much of our available resources on may likely limited to post-european contact.

What I am looking for those is any sources that can highlight the social structure of power/authority in Anishinaabe groups, particularly of the Ojibwe/Cree if possible, but all is welcome. In addition to that, spiritualism is also a big interest to me. I realized about a day ago that my knowledge of medicine societies is lacking and that I should take efforts to fill in the gaps of knowledge I currently have as my current understanding is pretty flat and shallow which opens my interpretations up to generalize practices which were rich in their formation and meaning and could have varied drastically from band to band.

Economics and the roll of the natural world around the tribe also greatly interest me, and I'd also like to know in general the familial structures that came to reflect these peoples reliance and understanding of their environments, their knowledge of plants, etc.

Again, I recognize the difficulty in finding sources though given that likely much of what we know comes from post-european contact and the scope of work into these groups may have short falls.

In addition, I'm wondering if anyone could also point out any literature on the historical consequences to the strong-arm efforts to snuff out elements of Anishinaabe culture/language too. All of this is happening because I wrote a common mentioning 'bad medicine' not realizing my conception of what that means is probably based on the assumption of a relatively modern inception in Anishinaabe spiritualism that itself has arisen out of a misinterpretation of Anishinaabe traditions that exist as a consequence to these aforementioned efforts to snuff the culture out.

So yea, I'm just looking for sources that could set my assumptions and misunderstandings straight and give me a clearer picture of what Anishinaabe cultures looked like at different periods. Any and all direction would be appreciated!

Sorry if this was to general and vague!

I just received what seems to be authentic letters between Napoleon Bonaparte and his wife Joséphine. The letters were written while Napoleon was in exile.

They were handed down to me by a family member who received them years ago. We obtained them in the late 1800's. The paper seems to be the exact paper from that time. You can visibly see the ink marks on the paper with a magnifying glass.

I don't want to take any pictures just yet because if they do turn out to be real, I don't want to show them until after they have been reviewed. I've been told if they are real, they are priceless.

Whats the best way to authenticate them 100%?

I am looking for some good overview or broad brush books on several different topics:

1. Prehistoric peoples of the American southwest.
2. Mormon expansion. Specifically the period in which they ventured southeast of the Colorado river into northern Arizona.
3. Pre-colonial Cherokee history localized to the southern Appalachians.

Any suggestions of authors, books, and related topics greatly appreciated.

Obviously the famous tria nomina such as Gaius Julius Caesar 'styled' Romans fell out of use during in the imperial period. I know Boethius (d. 524) traces his genealogy back to the Anicii of Rome (Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius), but I was wondering how far into the Middle Ages did the tria nomina of prominent or really any Roman descendants stay in use? Can any noble Italian families trace their surnames back that far? What about provincials such as Frankish, Spanish, etc?

Also could have penises increased in size throughout history?

I can't recall what conflict this was part of, nor the actual types of ships that were used here, but I want to say it was no later than WWII, as I think I recall the larger ship using shells that sailed over the enemy ship when the latter got close enough. Does anyone know about this sorta thing?

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I am a Frenchman, right now a lawyer, but before that a specialist of French legal history.

It's not really my main "activity" anymore, but I'd wager that the only people who have an understanding better than mine of French legal history from the 15th century onward, especially since the French Revolution, are active historian doing research, so I don't come here to be explained the actual history of the French Revolution. I welcome information on the American war of Independance though, I know a little about it but not much.

And well, I have been working between France and the US for a few years now and I discovered something that I didn't know: in American popular culture, most people seem to actively believe that the French Revolution was a result of the American one, that somehow the French discovered liberty and freedom with the American war of Independance, and that they wanted to bring it back home.

That's so farfetched I wouldn't know where to begin to explain why it is wrong.

So where does that come from ? Who, or what, popularized the idea that the French Revolution was somehow a copycat of the American one ?

I hope this question is appropriate for this subreddit and I don't mean to offend anyone with it. Let's just assume that those who wrote the Bible were people in an authoritative position who used the text to influence their citizens to live a certain way. What would be the cultural or economical benefit of saving sex until marriage?

My understanding is that reincarnation was already a common religious assumption in India when the Buddha taught. Was it new for the Chinese? How was it received?

I am aware that through the early and high Middle Ages Europeans continued to bathe as their ancestors the Romans did, and that bathing only fell out of favor with the Black Death. Ironically, Charlemagine probably bathed more often than George Washington. But I know that the Romans bathed by coating themselves in oil, usually olive oil, then scraping themselves off with a metal scraper. When bathing became popular again in the 19th century everyone used soap. So when did the transition happen and why?

By this I'm not asking for an exact answer...but relatively when did technology allow for (and culture encourage) clean shaven faces?

Just wondering if there are some things we might take for granted today as "rules of the highway" that did not exist prior to the interstate highway system, and if so, how people learned them.

Obviously if you were familiar with US highways, it might not be too different. But the interstate system cut through some pretty remote areas where drivers may not have ever driven on "bigger roads"

I was just thinking about this in regards to the internet. It's my understanding that the highway system was a result of WWII and the Autobahn, but what about telephones, power, etc?