What about those places made the people there adopt Turkic languages as opposed to, say, Syria which was also under Turkish rule

I've been reading some threads people have been posting on Lenin's ruthlessness and brutality as a dictator and one common theme I've noticed is that a lot of them seem very heavily coloured with language that borrows from notions of rights, especially political rights, that are very firmly grounded in 21st century liberal democracies.

My question is (and of course without wanting to downplay any of these human rights violations committed by the Bolsheviks), were they considered especially egregious at the time in the same way that, for example, today we regard the rights violations of the DPRK to be horrific and unjustifiable?

American textbooks seem to accept this,yet there is no talk of restoring Spanish territorial losses.(eg Puerto Rico)

Was the move due to the decline of the city, or did the city decline because of it?

Did the city become more isolated and unimportant, or was it still a major center?

Did this move lead to it being more vulnerable to the sackings in the 5th century?

To clarify, I'm interested in the period 286 to 476.

especially if the captor didn't speak the captive's language. how could they ransom them to their family if they couldn't communicate?

How did the soldiers and rank and file of his army feel about him, and what was the general consensus of the people as well?

Thanks.

I've read that military veteran colonies established under Caesar Augustus continued to provide the bulk of legionary recruitment throughout the history of the principate, why was that the case? Why was legionary service deemed to be a hereditary profession?

Thanks.

I've always been slightly confused about how this worked in the 11th-15th centuries, particularly with duchies like Normandy and Burgundy. There were a number of powerful duchies which operated as petty kingdoms in their own right, even at times being more powerful than the French King they were in homage to.

What made this a beneficial arrangement for everyone? Why didn't Burgundy just cut ties with France in the 15th century, when it was at its apex?

Often and understandably people think to religion as the major influence over ancient Egyptian funerary practices. I was wondering however, how much class structure and social hierarchy influenced the practices they were buried with.

This didn't get answered before so I'm trying again, since season 2 starts today.

These questions are assuming that Narcos is somewhat accurate in the depiction of the amount of US dollars shown. I was watching Narcos and saw that they mostly show US dollars, how easy was it to spend in Colombia? What was its buying power? Would Colombian banks take American funds? Since a large amount of American funds were moved by the cartels, were people in possession of US bills assumed to be connected to the drug trade? How did this cash move back to Colombia? Was there a significant change to the US/Colombian exchange rate? Were other currencies involved, like Canadian, Mexican, ect?

When was the time when we can say pagan religions in Europe have been completely supplanted by Christianity?

Can we see remnants of pagan religions in Europe by the Late Middle Ages or in the Renaissance? Like there's a village in a remote area still worshipping a pagan god or something like that.

Upvote what you liked. Post ones you liked and don't see here...

I'm aware about Lief Erikson, but I'm wondering if anyone managed to attempt a trip out through the Atlantic before Columbus did.

Alternatively, I've heard something about the Chinese possibly discovering America at one point, but then they turned isolationist and did nothing with the discovery.

Hello! I was trying to sleep last night and had this though : I wake up tomorrow in -450, in Athens (let's make this easier : with some money, and citizenship). How and where could I leave a message that i would be sure that it would be kept safe until 2016 or found and still be readable? I'm myself an historian but i can't find a suitable answer.

Should the message be written on rock (can be use for building) ? Parchment (burned, lost, ...) ? Wood (decayed, burned..) ? Paper? And where should i leave it? In Greece? Rome? In a prehistoric cave that nobody will scavenge before the XIX c (but how can i find one on my own in Greece...)? What's the best way and what are the other difficulties ?

Thanks a lot for your ideas and sorry for my English, i'm not a native (I guess it's quite obvious).

This may be a strangely specific question but it's bothered me nonetheless. I recently spent a few months in Kosovo and got to see all of the former Yugoslavia. The Roma/Romani (I'm not sure which word is more acceptable) population, especially in Macedonia, has a pretty deep history in the region and it made me very curious to know about the late-WWII and post-WWII experience of them. There's not much out there to help me get a good, specific perspective on this...

As far as i know there's no equivalent in earlier history, so why did Victorian and 20th century nations feel the need to create easily debunked racist theories like phrenology or Nazi eugenics? I get the impression in past eras if you conquered someone and enriched your minority government you simply did so without excuses.