Have theologists ever tested Middle Eastern religious scripture like Hobbes, Spinoza and Locke? Did any social contract theory ever come from the Middle East?

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I just got back from a baseball game where the washroom lineups were intense. Just wondering how things were handled in terms of waste management in a place like the Coliseum or any other large arena type place

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Specifically I'm curious about the law in Longmeadow, Massachusetts prohibiting two men from carrying a bath tub on the town green., and the law in Boston allowing for a duel at a certain time of day on the green

I've always heard and read it referred to as an empire- but surely it couldn't always have been one? At what point did it become an empire? And how does one define an empire in this case? Would it be to do with settlement patterns? Or the legacy of the Byzantine Empire after the 1453 capture of Constantinople?

I've been going over the roles of different aircraft in world war 2 and it's struck me that often what I read focuses on only one popular fact. I was looking at the wikipedia article on the british mosquito, in the fighter bomber section it, for instance, seems focused on it's use against submarines, ignoring almost everything else. Others iirc focused only on effectiveness against tanks, and how many tanks they destroyed ignoring everything else iirc. Anyway, I was wondering what historians consider to be the big events in the history of aerial ground combat support.

I've read from US centric sources, for instance, that early tactical doctrine was developed by the US supporting the marines. In other places I've read that it was developed in the spanish civil war by the germans.

A lot of attention is given to russian and german fighter bombers, and, to a lesser extent american, but the wikipedia article on the mosquito was very interesting showing a successful evolution over the war on the british side.

And I also would like to know how much changed from the end of world war 2 to 1996, with desert storm, and the balkans, and other more modern conflicts with the development of precision guided weapons.

Thanks

Hi guys, I've heard some conflicting information about the middle east and how it's conflicts are mostly(or not at all) the Usa's fault. The two sides I hear the most are.

1: the west has destabilized the area since the 1900s and caused many countries to fall into turmoil.

Or

2: the middle east has been war torn for the last two thousand years, and was in a poor state prior to usa engagement.

I know the answer is probably much more complex, anyone care to explain it a bit better? Thanks!

Did Washington, Jefferson, etc, call themselves "The Founding Fathers?" That seems weird even for them. So when did we start calling them that?

ty for answers, i suppose reality is quite different than what i thought would happen based on movies ( two armies literally fight until one is completely dead or runs). So it seems as if those in the front ranks of the winning army have a bit less chance of survival but still good, but for the losing side those in the front were dead anyway, not because it was it was a lot more fatal to be at the front, but because their army was defeated. Still, i guess people were just really brave and were ok with being assigned to being at the front of the army

I am aware that the Pathians stood between the Roman Empire and the Han Dynasty. Were any direct attempts at contact ever made?