In all my readings on Ancient Egyptian history so far, it has seemingly been a reality that slavery per se was not practiced in the building of the pyramids. Obviously, the Bible has a different view on the matter, and I was wondering from where the Biblical claim to the Pharaonic enslavement of the Jews came from.

I'm going to assume it isn't pure myth, and the claim is derived from something, but that's why I ask the question in the first place.

As easy surface resources and minerals were used up quickly, mankind had to resort to digging in the earth to acquire important things like gold, silver, possibly iron? In this day and age, we have a super high concern for safety and reliability, especially when it comes with high risk environments such as mines or manufacturing or oil rigs. Using modern science we understand things like:

• That air in a mine can be dangerous, and why ventilation is needed, what effects could be seen from large miner population in a cramped mineshaft could have

• The presence of poisonous gas pockets and their effects (sudden death?!) How might this be seen in more simple eyes?

• Another air-related question would be lighting. My idea of lighting in a mine is a torch, which is another air-consuming item, and also produces hazardous smoke, were there other lighting methods and did people understand that torches were dangerous (especially possibly igniting said gas pockets in the above question)

• How much reinforcing (if any) is needed for mineshafts and the idea of structural loads

• How to find minerals we need (in modern days, we have a superior understanding of geology and natural processes which can give us a good idea of where certain things ought to be), without such modern tools how did people find what they needed?

• Where labor came from for miners, and what care was extended to them

• Lastly, what major improvements to mining processes that affect the above (or even just tangentially related to mining) were created, and possibly what led to the improvement's need to be invented?

For people without modern technology, a lot of the above seems like it would be unknown as far as I can see. What historical accounts or stories or information exist as far as things like these? Looking for answers that can span prehistory to the near-modern era.

Just really curios about this topic, and there's nothing online about it

I searched for this question and I'm surprised it hasn't already been asked.

To the best of my knowledge, they had the constitutional right to peaceably assemble in public places (like Washington street & Selma for instance). How were they legally dispelled? Was it legal at all?

Also, any commentary on the right to assemble being violated in similar manners would be great

I.e. did they think at that time too that art was pretentious and unimportant and "old" art was better?

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Either on the battlefield or in general; how would a knight be identified as one? By word of mouth, documents, badges, etc.?

I seem to remember something about kings rarely ever meeting people directly but rather via some proxy, similar to how the bible portrays god meeting people via angels instead of face to face.

Other than in 1812 how many times has Moscow been overrun or sacked?

The raid on Lindisfarne happened in 793, only 72 years later in 865 they began to settle. The Viking Age lasted another 200 years until 1066.

So the majority of the Viking Age had Vikings actually settled in England. Is it wrong to assume they were raiding England this whole time, or were Scandinavians still attacking and raiding the settled Scandinavians in Danelaw?

Was there some role found for them in the tribe or were they left to die of exposure a la the Spartans?

Very specific example of the question I'm asking would be Coenus, the commander of the rightmost "taxis" (batallion) of the Macedonian pike phalanx at the Battle of Gaugamela. Would he have been mounted and positioned behind the phalanx so as to see what was going on up front?

I know he was a masterful tactician, he unified the Greek states and created a huge empire, and won many important battles, but what exactly do people mean when they say he's the most important figure in western history? What about the west changed because of Alexander? Is he simply important since he served as a future inspiration for western conquerors? What were the effects of Alexander's campaigns that actually had lasting and important impacts on western civilization ? Cultural impacts? Economic? Political ?

Something similiar to the Baltic in WWII.

Every single post in here when we ask something if the USSR could've annexed Afghanistan or Iran, and the same response is not at all since this would be politically unstable, just installing friendly Puppet/Satelite Communist regimes everywhere was the plan.

Other than that, did they ever had a plan to annex more places outside their territory?, did they had planned to get Finland, Mongolia, or Hokkaido?, i read somewhere that Bulgaria asked to join as an SSR, but this request was refused.

Was it always the arid desert that it is today, or was it a gradual process of desertification? Did desertification tie into the decline of Egyptian power?

Hey there, I'm rather new to posting on this subreddit, and reddit in general. I don't even know if I'm using the meta tag properly, so feel free to delete it if it violates anything! anyways, here goes. I have been trying to look through the FAQ, and the rules of this subreddit, but I can't seem to find any information on what soapboxing is? It may be that I am just bad at looking up information. Thanks in advance.

My understanding is that Picts were a insular culture indigenous to Scotland, and were a separate people from the Gaels, Britons, Romano-Britons, Norsemen, and Anglo-Saxons who were their neighbors at the time. My question is, why was it that it was the Gaels (who were actually foreign invaders to the island of Great Britain like the Norsemen and Anglo-Saxons) who were able to successfully assimilate them and not the other groups?

The successful Gaelicization is based off historical accounts that the Gaelic arrivals/invaders who planted themselves in western Scotland were able to unite with the Pictish kingdoms to form the powerful Kingdom of Alba. This polity that was so thoroughly Gaelicized that the population in a short time span had completely forgotten their Pictish past and considered themselves as fully Gaelic.