I've heard that they apparently date back to ancient times.

But to me, a hinge seems like a pretty complex (relatively speaking) piece of hardware. I mean, it's got a pin that essentially floats inside a 'barrel' and is able to rotate to a certain extent, and the mounting plates are strong enough to suspend a door. It's all metal - everything seems very specific and standardized.

Granted, I don't know exactly how hinges work. The one I described above might only be the modern hinge made possible by standardization in things like pin diameter, thickness, ability to fit into the barrel and float, etc.

What other hinges existed? How were they made possible without standardization (or how could they have been; extrapolating from what sources say)?

Update: Yes, I know that hinges use a pivot, but how was a pivot made possible? I thought that filing and handwork would require so much precision, just to make the pivot positioned perfectly enough to rotate so perfectly and everything. I figured that the way it was suspended would have taken some weird ingenuity at least.

I can't really explain my fascination with this specific subject, lol, but it's there.

Is there any reason why the Allies wouldn't copy it for their own use? They surely must have realized it's abilities.

One often reads about state socialism coming with an official atheistic stance. During the Cold War, what methods were used to encourage atheism?

I've heard people mention before that the invention of the automobile was a huge part of what led to the modern concept of teenage sexuality, and teenage culture as a whole, and that this, in part, is what led to a more sexually open culture as a whole. Is there truth behind these claims? Are there any good books or articles on the subject of the automobile's effects on culture that a layperson could easily read?

I presume it was founded on farming - the "city" such as it was imported crops from surrounding land. What happened from there? How far would traders go? What sort of goods would be traded from one city to another? One region to another?

It seems like a somewhat practical thing while waiting possibly hours to shoot someone.

Ned Maddrell was the last native speaker of Manx, Dolly Pentreath was the last native speaker of Cornish.

So who was the last native speaker of Anglo-Norman (not Norman proper, I know that people speak it in the Channel Islands and Normandy)?

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Both internally between clans and externally against foreign powers, how did they ever manage to hold their own? The reason I wonder this is, well as far as I know they never used shields, like ever. From what I know about Japanese warfare, would not the best way to invade be with an army of archers? Shields just seem absolutely essential for that Era of warfare.

I don't have personal experience, but it seems like there would be more ink dots and drips if you don't use cursive, that is, if you are using quill and inkwell.

For PSEO World History I have to write an essay on this book, the essay is asking to assess how objective Manchester is, see if there is any bias.

I know this book is inaccurate and I am very much a layman. It was hard to read through. Are there any academic sources that have thoroughly ripped it apart? Any academic works that try to dispel these misconceptions about the middle ages would work nicely too.

I already have seen and cited the Speculum review of it.

When the US offered a larger sum of money for more mexican territory, how much more territory was the US asking for? I read somewhere that it would have included baja california and most of northwest mexico but I'm wondering what the exact extent of 'northwest mexico' means.

Meaning, I want to know what would the boundary between the US and Mexico would be today if the larger deal was taken?

I just heard about this system and it seems like a great way to protect lower income individuals from predatory financial practices. Why was this discontinued?

For example, were there be various 'parties' that had specific agendas that would oppose each other? Or were the people more inclined to have similar opinions about politics?

I'd have expected them to believe Native Americans to be inferior, and yet they fled to a region populated almost exclusively by them. Was is just because of South America's lessened involvement in the war, or were the reasons more complex?

I thought the Neolithic Revolution started in the 'Fertile Crescent' in Mesopotamia and spread outwards to Egypt and India and even China; recently, there's been a shift towards recognizing India, China, Egypt, Mesopotamia, Mesoamerica, the Andes, and even Sub-Saharan Africa as independent locations where settlement occurred.

What is the evidence in support of either theory?

I found a microfilm at the NYPL containing programs from events held by the Independent Kletzker Brotherly Aid Association and a few other similar New York-based Jewish Benevolent Associations. They started holding relief balls in 1936 to raise money for Jews back in their hometowns in Poland.

In the introductory letter to the 1st Annual Relief Ball they write, “We have determined that we will not stand mutely and idly by and allow this despotic inquisition of our brothers and sisters in Poland, a pawn of the economic crisis of that nation.”

Although the program is almost entirely in Yiddish, this section is in English. It’s from Feb 8, 1936 and references two pogroms that were reported in the news within the previous two weeks. The tone is something close to sheer panic.

I guess what I’d like to better understand is how explicitly anti-semitism was expressed within the Polish political context. And what the Polish political context was. The violence that occurred wasn’t prosecuted and that telegraphed that it was sanctioned by the state? And what was the economic crisis that they’re talking about? A boycott of Jewish businesses that harmed Jewish people or a larger economic crisis?

And I am also wondering how American Jews were conceptualizing this violence. I’ve seen a lot of references to fears about starvation and privation. Was it widely understood that Hitler was going to move into Poland?

I feel like I’m really not articulating this well...but any kind of context would be so helpful! Thanks!

So I just watched the movie and I felt like life back then was extremely harsh. I understand that the movie is about Leo suffering. But nonetheless it made me curious.

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When did they become the culture/people we usually asscioate with turks, those in anatolia?