Why did Norsemen give up on North America after slight resistance? Wasn't their entire economy and political system based on seafaring conquests? What made them throw in the towel on North America?

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2 Answers 2015-10-06

Benefits of exiling Socrates rather than putting him to death?

Could there have been benefits of exiling Socrates rather than killing him off from a decision of an angry mob?

Edit: I need to make argument of why Socrates should be tried and exiled and my 2 opponents are Radical Democrats who wish to put him on trial and execute him and followers of Socrates who don't want a trial at all. (I am a Moderate Democrat).

P.S. Wasn't sure if I should post this here or /r/HistoryWhatIf

1 Answers 2015-10-06

What tactics/vehicle designs/ideas did the Germans pioneer in WWII that went on to become important in postwar militaries?

I've read a lot about how the blitzkrieg was actually the brainchild of JFC Fuller, and how many panzers and the like that the Germans designed were technological dead ends that were inferior to cheaper and more realistic designs like the Sherman. The Germans weren't even the only ones making jet engines and high-tech stuff. But were there things which the Germans pioneered or invented that would become important after the war?

1 Answers 2015-10-06

Suggestions for a good introductory book for French history?

Textbooks, one-volume shallow narratives or multi-volume in-depth treatments. Any academic who likes a particular current one, or any student who was pleased with one they used in class.

A lot of good stuff has been posted on the Reading List, but for France it's pretty focused, and thin for the period between Joan of Arc and the Revolution- The Return of Martin Guerre is not enough.

1 Answers 2015-10-06

How and when did the Second Amendment become more about "rights" and less about "militia"?

I ran across this interesting article/letter:

http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/1995/sep/21/to-keep-and-bear-arms/

He seems to pull a lot of historical sources as to the source and reasons behind the 2nd Amendment, which, based on my understanding actually makes it lean towards Swiss style gun ownership/armories than it does to the current system (or lack of) that we have in the US.

When and why did the views start to change in the US? Are there specific court cases that "made it so"?

1 Answers 2015-10-06

Watching shows like Vikings, Bastard Executioner etc I was curious if there were ever instances in the dark ages of Europe of very small villages hiding their possessions in caves or burying them, pulling up stakes and fleeing ahead of invading armies/hoards, returning after they had passed over?

Hope the question is clear! Europe or any other place would interest me.

2 Answers 2015-10-06

Why was Edward Heath not replaced as Leader of the Conservative Party after losing the UK General Election of 1966 so badly?

I understand that the political culture back then was a lot different to what it is now and that it wasn't unusual for leaders of political parties to remain in their positions after election losses, but it does surprise me the Heath managed to remain as Leader after getting pretty hammered in the 1966 election.

It is my understanding that Heath was unpopular with many of his MPs due to his social ineptitude, his difficulty with women, his status as a bachelor, his inability to adapt to television, etc. I figured this would only increase the chances of him being ousted.

1 Answers 2015-10-06

How did historical pre-christian Western European paganism and witchcraft differ from their modern day versions/reconstructions?

1 Answers 2015-10-06

Why does the Mississippi river cut through Louisiana, rather than forming its eastern border?

Aside from Minnesota, where the river begins and therefore can't really be a border, Louisiana is the only state that the river cuts through. Why is this?

1 Answers 2015-10-06

When did rappers begin using multiple nick-names simultaneously? i.e. Eminem and Slim Shady, or Q-Tip and "the Abstract", or the Notorious BIG, Biggie Smalls, and the Black Frank White? Does it pre-date the 1990's? How did it start?

I asked this question a few months ago and got no answers, but since this week's theme is "Pop Music", I'm hoping it will get more attention.

You see it a lot today: Eminem, Em, Slim Shady, Slim, and Marshall; Lil Wayne, Wayne, Weezy F., Tunechi, and Young Tune. Even rappers who primarily only use one stage sometimes expect fans to recognize their real name, as in 50 Cent, whose raps frequently make use of his birth name "Curtis".

When did this use of multiple, simultaneous pseudonyms begin? The earliest examples I can find are the members of Tribe Called Quest who all had primary and secondary names (e.g. Q-Tip was also "the Abstract") and Notorious B.I.G/Biggie Smalls/Big/Frank White. I was only in grade school at the time, but I remember being confused by this and thinking that the Notorious BIG and Biggie Smalls were two different rappers. Is this a tradition that predates a Tribe Called Quest in the very late 80's? I'm not talking about just shortening names, like calling Ice Cube "Cube" or Eazy-E "Eazy", but rather cases where the audience was specifically expected to learn the multiple names in order to understand the semantic content of the raps, they weren't simply intuitive shortenings. And, besides Phife Dog/Malik of Tribe Called Quest, did any one use their real name interchangeably with their nom de plume before Eminem/Marshall Mathers in the late 90's? And does a specific "alter ego" predate the Notorious B.I.G.'s Frank White/Nas's Nas Escabar? Both of those were early 90's cases where, probably not coincidentally, the rapper's first album deals with a partially true persona of a street dealer (Jay-Z's quibble to Nas, "You ain't lived it/you witnessed it from your folks pad/scribbled in your notepad, and invented your life") and the second album continues the narrative with a mostly or entirely to a "boss" persona on the second album.

Are there more examples of 80's rappers doing this, or does this really relate to changes in the rap world in the 1990's?

3 Answers 2015-10-06

What alternative historical lenses have been growing in popularity among historians?

I'm interested in alternate historical lenses to view world history from, and was wondering about any modern methodologies or research you have read/conduct with a "unique" view.

For example, most people are familiar with Marxist, Feminist, or structuralist narratives of history. But I've heard some historians discuss culinary/food histories as a lens or frame. I've seen specific products followed (alcohol, cod, salt, etc), primarily Nationalist frameworks, and climate narratives.

So, are there any new developments in historiography of new lenses to frame research or a historical narrative?

1 Answers 2015-10-06

Before the rise of Christianity, what influence did the Levant and Mesopotamia have on the "Western" Mediterranean cultures?

We all know that Christianity rising out if Israel in the 1st Century forever changed the Western World; but, before that, there was a lot of interaction between the two. Everything from the expeditions of Alexander to trade, Greek colonies and the Phoenicians were all interacting with the West. How much did their religions, cultural values, etc. have on theirs?

2 Answers 2015-10-06

I'm a young American woman in the mid-19th century and I don't ever want to get married. What sort of life--in terms of both professional life and family life--is open to me?

I recently read something about American spinsters in the 1800s who would "attach themselves" to other families as "aunts," and it got me wondering about the kind of lifestyles single women might have had, since I'd always assumed they were just stuck living alone or with their parents.

I know this is a broad question, but I'm interested in hearing about lifestyles of spinsters from any and all social strata (and open to hearing about the situation in other countries, too!).

2 Answers 2015-10-06

What was it about the Boxer Rebellion that forged the Eight Nation Alliance and why did so many countries get involved?

1 Answers 2015-10-06

Tuesday Trivia | Cheats and Liars

Previous weeks' Tuesday Trivias and the complete upcoming schedule.

Today’s trivia comes to us from /u/piponwa!

Nothing but cheats and liars! Please share any examples of kings, queens, politicians, other persons of general interest who cheated or lied about something really petty!

Next week on Tuesday Trivia: October is Archives Month, so we’ll have a thread for sharing anything you’ve found in an archives, digital or physical, or just general discussion about the fun and excitement of archival research.

3 Answers 2015-10-06

Why didnt WW2 imperial japan ever develop any notable anti tank weaponry?

It seems when facing massed Allied armor, their best hope was to bring field and artillery guns to the front or attempt to concentrate mortar fire or suicide bomber attacks in the later stages of the war.

Could they not have come up with something similar to a panzefaust at least?

1 Answers 2015-10-06

Did early modern armies teach soldiers how to use swords?

I've seen the drill manuals for muskets, but did these new professional armies also drill raw recruits in sword use?

What kind of non-gunpowder training regimen would they have had other than pikes?

2 Answers 2015-10-06

Restrictions for musicians in occupied Europe

Hi all,

I have been watching the 1973 BBC series "The World at War", and in episode 18 (the occupation of Holland) there is mention of the restrictions placed on musicians when performing. Such as; trumpet players were...

  • Not allowed to 'sway' while playing,
  • Use mutes (devices to change the sound of the instrument)
  • Play a note above a high C

I mention trumpet specifically as that was the instrument mentioned in the episode, I'm sure other instruments were equally restricted.

The interviewee mentions the wish from the Nazis to stay away from the 'negro' music of jazz, were there any other restrictions or reasons for these rules?

Thanks in advance any information you can provide, this is sincerely one of my favourite subs simply for the quality of information posted.

Josh

2 Answers 2015-10-06

What punishments existed for household servants during Victorian England?

My original question didn't get answered, so here's another stab at a chance for an answer.

I was reading somewhere that those who had servants would often play little tricks or cruel setups on servants to "test" how dutiful they were. One specific example was this (and if possible, I'd like some verification on this):

The owner (is that the correct term? Maybe master/mistress would be better, right?) would leave a small coin or other trinket underneath the carpet, and then call the maid to clean the house. If the maid found and kept the small article, she would be punished for being disloyal - if she found it and left it there, or missed it, she would be punished for missing it.

Thanks in advance!

1 Answers 2015-10-06

Why have I never heard about the English Armada?

In Britain the Spanish Armada and its devastating defeat is routine history known by almost everyone and will often be mentioned in the media. What I didn't know until recently was a year later there was an English Armada which seems to have been just as devastating for the English in virtually identical circumstances. Why have I never heard about this before? Is it simply that Britain has collectively remembered its victory and forgotten its defeat or was this actually a less significant event? In the Spanish-speaking world is the English Armada remembered and the Spanish Armada forgotten?

1 Answers 2015-10-06

How did the USSR obtain nuclear weapons in the first place?

The way I understand it, at the end of WWII the United States was the only country in the world with nuclear weapons, the Manhattan Project was one of their most top-secret projects, and the raw materials for nuclear weapons are extremely difficult and time consuming to produce. Was it a surprise when the US government found out Russia was nuclear capable?

1 Answers 2015-10-06

Why did the Byzantine Empire fragment after Constantinople was sacked by the Crusaders?

The rest of the Empire was left intact, I think. Why couldn't the last Emperor rally the armies and population and retake the city from the foreign invaders?

1 Answers 2015-10-06

How prevalent and important was self propelled artillery in WW2?

Which nation had the most and made best use of self propelled artillery?

3 Answers 2015-10-06

How were the European nations able to thrive after the Middle-Ages, as opposed to nations in other continents?

1 Answers 2015-10-06

I've heard that it was commonplace (mandatory even) for bishops to have memorised the psalter (all 150 Psalms) pre 5th/6th century AD. Was this really true? Do we have this from some firsthand sources?

I have often heard this asserted, but never actually heard any reference to original sources. Is this a Christian urban myth?

1 Answers 2015-10-06

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