We have really complex employment structures today. Looking at the census tables of where I live (Ontario, Canada) - the more popular industries are: Construction, Manufacturing, Healthcare, and Trade. Some types of jobs transcend industries. Administrative jobs exist in practically every business - from primary schools to hospitals.

I am interested to know what people did for a living in Rome (c. 100 AD). I pick that time and city because it was quite populated with a million people living in it. With so many people, there had to be more jobs, and more complexity in the industries - I imagine.

What did they do? What kind of jobs were there? How did they job structures compared with ours today? For example, majority of modern jobs in North America are service-producing instead of goods-producing. How was the services industry in Rome back then? Today, trade is the most popular service industry. But how did trade work back then in terms of job structure and industry complexity?

Honestly, I have no specific questions because I don't know enough about the topic to ask a specific question. I am hoping the answers in this thread or any book recommendations can enlighten me.

I've been trying to read E.H. Carr's What is History? and Richard J. Evans' In Defence of History for a matter of months now. Both have been recommended to me for University applications but I just can't seem to get into them or hold my attention. In comparison, I found Hayden White's Metahistory and many journals by Carlo Ginzburg to be enthralling and highly though provoking.

Does anyone have any advice on reading or interpreting the larger and more general historiographies such as Carr or Evans.

I assume techniques and technology used to cut umbilical cords have changed a lot over the years (and probably still vary around the world today). Is there some body of research into this topic?

Hi guys!

I'm sort of asking two or three questions in one. What I'd like to know here is:

• What position did the Church take on African-American slavery and the abolition thereof before and during the Civil War?

• What role, if any, did Catholicism have in Southern/Confederate society?

• What role did the Church play in the later Civil Rights struggle?

Thanks in advance :)

Just thought this was interesting since I hear different roles played by mythological creatures based on the story's country of origin.

Hello,

I have to give a presentation on zionism for my "Antisemitism in the 19th and 20th century" class (focus is mostly on German sources, since I'm at a German university) and I'm struggling with finding the right structure.

My original plan was to talk about Theodor Herzl and his pamphlet "Der Judenstaat". I was going to introduce zionism, Herzl as a person and the text itself briefly and then focus on the jewish reception of this work back then and compare it to today, how he is now celebrated as the founding father of Israel. But when going through my plans with my teacher, she wasn't really excited and told me to focus on our topic antisemitism and to talk about the origins of zionism. So now I'm a bit at a loss. We have to formulate a question and then answer it of course. Is "How was zionism a reaction to the antisemitism of the 19/20th" a good question? It feels too broad to me, I only have 15 minutes for my presentation. Can you help me narrow it a bit? Also I'd really like to include Theodor Herzl still, because I already have done work on this now and I don't want it to go to waste (also I think it's interesting).

Any suggestions for a good question and how to structure my presentation?

I hope this question is in accordance with the subreddit rules.

Thanks!

I feel like either option would have gotten the same point across without killing so many civilians.

I know about the compromise in 2000 to have the smaller flag flown, but when did the state originally start doing it? Was it a tradition that continued on after the Civil War, or was it something that was done after the war to memorialize the soldiers who fought in it?

It seems that Western Europe, in this period at least, has noticeable examples of population and (skilled) workforce moving. Examples can be found of both cities increasing populace (meaning immigration from rural areas into cities) and individual people moving from one city to another, in most cases related to going to university, merchant and banking opportunities, getting a job or invited to court in another city or state (it does not seem to make any difference if the destination is in another country) Often these cases include people exiled from their home city because of politics or debts, but is not limited to that.

I am now interested how would that work legally, bureaucratically, and in practice.
Today to move to another political entity, you need a passport, a visa or work permit (to get which you usually need a lot of your origin country paperwork also). Upon arriving you need to register at the police, tax office, get some kind of local ID, health insurance, etc.

So the questions are:

1. what would you have to do to move back then? Could a free peasant just move into a city, find some work there and stay? Could a skilled craftsmen , without any invitation, move from e.g. Genoa to Lisbon, and start working there?
2. Did they need some sort of permission from local destination authorities?
3. What about permission from their origin country authorities?
4. Upon arrival, did they need some additional paperwork done, like notifying the local council where is their new accomodation?
5. How would they register for taxes?
6. Would they become subjects of the new King or whichever authority was there or would they be still considered subjects to their original one?

Legionaries or auxiliaries, or both? Wikipedia says they're found in places garrisoned by auxiliaries, but Trajan's column depict them worn by legionaries.

In a historical context where did the god of Judaism and Christianity first emerge? Were there any previous incarnations?

He is in countless cultural references, including getting a shoutout from JayZ. Who was this guy? From a quick Wikipedia search he appears to be a performer, but why does he stand out so much?

I was reading War and Peace and came upon the following:

Nicholas, acquiring a trotter of his own, very stylish riding breeches of the latest cut, such as no one else yet had in Moscow, and boots of the latest fashion,

So obviously (and expectedly) they had interest in "the latest fashion" in the 19^th century. What are some older mentions of this in literature and history books? When did humans invent this concept of "fashion"?

If it changed Constitutions than that is a radical shift.

I am spending some time in the Himalayas and wondering why Simla ended up as the center of British power among the hill stations? Darjeeling was much closer geographically to the capital Calcutta, and has a similarly pleasant climate. I finished Dane Kennedy's excellent book The Magic Mountains, which doesn't seem to answer that specific question.

I've often heard it said that modern fantasy or historical drama over uses leather armour when cloth gambesons and mail were far more common. What I'm not clear on, was leather armour, particular cuir bouilli ever actually used at all? Or is that a modern misunderstanding? If it was used how effective was it compared to a cloth Gambeson or mail shirt?