Whilst watching "Master and commander" the thought hit me, how did sailors manage to keep warm and avoid hypothermia?

I'm trying to write about a ruined one for a story and I'm unsure as to whether there would have been large glass windows.

I would find sketches, drawings, and pictures useful as well as details about what the rest of the building would typically look like/contain.

I was also wondering if there were many of these churches in Maine.

Thank you. If this is the wrong sub for this question, I will move it.

In Short History of Nearly Everything author Bill Bryson mentions that there was evidence that Aum Shinrikyo detonated a Nuke on their vast lands in the Australian Desert. Has any evidence come up to refute or bolster this speculation?

I was reading Donnchadh Ó Corráin's chapter in The Oxford Illustrated History of the Vikings and I caught a reference to "monastic levies" and the Abbots of Terryglass and Clonenagh, and Kildare commanding them in defence against the Vikings at Dunamase when no help came from the Kings.

Were monastic levies a concept in other parts of Ireland, Europe, or the wider world? If so, how effective were they? Are there any particularly well-known battles they were involved in?

When looking back at presidents and major politicians through the years, it seems that facial hair trends have waxed and waned. From Lincoln having a full beard to TR's moustache, there were quite a few bearded presidents. However, since TR, there has only been clean shaven Presidents.

Thinking back in my life time, I can't recall hardly federal politicians who sport facial hair while in office. Was there a conscious shift against elected officials with facial hair, and if so... Why?

I have noticed this at memorials all over Britain. Why don't they say 1914 - 1918?

I was thinking that most recipes for a while were handed down, or communicated like folk-lore, but at some point someone decided to write them down and sell them for money. When did that happen?

On a recent visit, I spotted this pub. Boston is famously a Puritan town. Would the Puritan founders have been outraged by the pseudo-paganism of a shop being called "River Gods" or something similar? How about during the great awakening, or other religious revivals? Did neo-classical trends make it more acceptable? Or is this kind of name the sort of thing that has only become acceptable in modern times?

Edit: in the United States.

Around 1700AD

And would that be a small amount easy for any competent pirate captains to amass? Or would only the most successful captains get so much?

The American public wanted unconditional surrender by the Axis and achieved it. Meanwhile, Korea was easily defeated and occupied by Japan for decades.

Why did the US public accept defeat by such a weak power when they strongly believed we were the most powerful military in the world? Prior to the Korean War, the US had never lost a war.

(Yes, China assisted North Korea later in the war, but China was also easily defeated by Japan and very weak.)

The supposed tactics and deployments of battles like Gaugemela, Cannae, and even Zama are storied and wargamed with relish to this day.

How sound are the bases for the received narrations of how these battles played out? How comfortable are modern historians in asserting for certain that the military decisions and actions that tradition attributes are really how these battles were won or lost?

Ideally something accessible to a enthusiast as opposed to some giant scholarly treatise.

I've been reading about the Great Depression and it's effect on Germany in the gap between both the wars.

One thing which I don't understand is that how did Nazi Germany became so powerful under the regime of Hitler though Germany was economically weak during this period?

From where did Hitler bring in all the economic resources to manufacture Panzer tanks/Fighters for Luftwaffe etc.

In short, how did Nazi Germany became powerful so quickly and nearly took over the world in such short time?

Does anyone know any explicit reasons for why it happened and which factors were the most important?

i.e. Lincoln or the Civil War itself?

Thanks

And if so to which extent did African American congregations have different views they were able to publicize?