• How do I get there? Will I travel alone?
• What was my training in Europe?
• How much gold (or similar money) do I need to spend to get to Japan?
• How do I get food during my travel?
• How can I communicate with the people of Matsumoto?
• How many people will I likely have converted in the first year in Japan?
• How dangerous is my whole endauvour?
• How will the Sakoku effect my work?

For a project I'm looking for cases in which anthropologists and ethnologists commit scientistic fallacies in their studies regarding Native Americans in the 19th century.

Something that would work would be e.g. if someone were to measure the size of someone's skull and then say that due to specific measurements, this person must be very aggressive or friendly, etc.

I'm currently working my way through S.G. Morton's Crania Americana and this is very close, but I'm struggling finding what I'm looking for. The appendix written by George Combe is closer, with examples of physiognomy; the latter's A System of Phrenology also works.

I'm not asking anyone to do my homework, I'm looking for more sources that do this.

Any ideas?

Thanks!

I know ‘Ancient Rome’ covers quite a bit of time, but everywhere I look online I can’t find much on what life was like in other provinces/colonies.

What were the other major cities? Did the lifestyles of the citizens vary much from those living within Rome itself?

Many thanks!

Weren't the American forces closer? Didn't they distrust the USSR? Wouldn't the liberation of Prague by the US basically guarantee that Czechia would be in the western bloc? Why didn't they at least try it?

WW1 is easy to picture because of the trench warfare but what would a WW2 front line look like? Obviously there are tonnes of different examples with varying answers but let's use the frontline between Germany & The Soviets and later Germany and the Allies in France as an example.

For example I imagine alot of occupied land was just empty fields, how would they control that location?

So, we know from quite a lot of visive evidences (frescos, paintings and general art of the period) that one of the most used, if not the most used type of helmet in the Greek Bronze Age/Mycenean period was the so called boar tusk helmet. It was made with boar tusks (duh) strapped to a leather liner and with some sort of padding sewn inside. My question is: boar tusks aren't exactly a readily available material, so how does this helmet became so popular? And why didn't the entire boar population of Greece disappeared, considering the love the Myceneans had for war and the enormous presence of this helmet?

I taught world history for some time and have always wondered about this. I think a case could be made for either, or that they cooperated in tandem, but I'd love to hear any strong opinions about one over the other.

I have been reading and listening about the Pacific Theater of WW2 and often I wonder if the Japanese would have been better served if they made different strategic decisions. For instance, in Eugene Sledge's book, With the Old Breed, he wrote that the infantrymen were briefed to expect an 80-85% casualty rate when storming the beaches of Okinawa. On D-day, the beaches were not defended. It seems to me that the Japanese left many tactical opportunities on the table. Two other minor questions that I have pondered are why did the Japanese not typically fire any weapons that they had while in a banzai charge. Multiple primary accounts I have read state the manner in which they would hold their rifles during a charge, but they did not fire. Furthermore, are there any accounts of Japanese soldiers suffering from combat fatigue, now known as PTSD?

In advance, I thank you profusely for any answers to these questions.

A strange hobby of mine is to imagine how a time traveller dropped into a certain period of history would be able to survive or live a normal life. As ID cards were obligatory until 1952, I am curious as to how easy these were to obtain, especially because, to our modern eyes, they look relatively fake-able.

Were there prosecutions for black market ID cards or were there specific markings on these ID cards that made them harder or impossible to create on the side?

I am referring to ice-cream as we have it today, not ice-cream from ancient China, etc. How could you possibly make and store ice-cream, when you don't have any fridge? Also, I have read that fridges were super-expensive when they were first invented; so how could most people afford to store their ice-cream?

In William Prescott's 'The Conquest of Peru' he mentions that Francisco de Carvajal, most famous for his military campaign in Peru, got the money to come to the New World from his participation in the sacking of Rome.

To whit:

The date of his birth carries us back towards the middle of the fifteenth century, before the times of Ferdinand and Isabella. He was of obscure parentage, and born, as it is said, at Arevalo. For forty years he served in the Italian wars, under the most illustrious captains of the day, Gonsalvo de Córdova,Navarro, and the Colonnas. He was an ensign at the battle of Ravenna; witnessed the capture of Francis the First at Pavia; and followed the banner of the ill-starred Bourbon at the sack of Rome. He got no gold for his share of the booty, on this occasion, but simply the papers of a notary’s office, which, Carbajal shrewdly thought, would be worth gold to him. And so it proved; for the notary was fain to redeem them at a price which enabled the adventurer to cross the seas to Mexico, and seek his fortune in the New World. On the insurrection of the Peruvians, he was sent to the support of Francis Pizarro, and was rewarded by that chief with a grant of land in Cuzco. Here he remained for several years, busily employed in increasing his substance; for the love of lucre was a ruling passion in his bosom. On the arrival of Vaca de Castro, we find him doing good service under the royal banner; and at the breaking out of the great rebellion under Gonzalo Pizarro, he converted his property into gold, and prepared to return to Castile. He seemed to have a presentiment that to remain where he was would be fatal. But,although he made every effort to leave Peru, he was unsuccessful, for the viceroy had laid an embargo on the shipping. He remained in the country, therefore, and took service, as we have seen, though reluctantly, under Pizarro. It was his destiny.

What I'm interested in knowing is why those documents would be so valuable. Could they have been promissory notes for debts? And is there more information about this story? I've been having trouble tracking down the exact provenance of the anecdote.

Thanks!

Whenever I watch a program theorizing on techniques employed to erect the pyramids, Stonehenge, The Easter Islands statues etc., I invariably see hundreds of men using simple brute muscle along with a series of rollers and ropes. Ive always wondered why ancient engineers didn’t employ powerful animals to do much of the heavy lifting and dragging of those enormous stones.?? Seems a few semi-domesticated African elephants could make easy work of the pyramids stones. It also seems to me, at the very least, transport from quarry to work site could be more easily achieved this way. Yet I’ve never heard it even offered as a possibility. What am I missing?

I know that in throughout history, some animal introductions had disastrous consequences on the ecosystem, but are there historic examples where humans introduced a crop to a new environment with disastrous consequences?

Throughout the history of Europe, Jews were the frequent target of vicious campaigns of vilification and persecution carried out by their Christian rulers and neighbors — all in the name of Christ. I can't help but be startled by the apparent incongruity between the ruthlessness of Christian anti-Jewish violence, and the fact that Christianity's roots were plunged so deeply in Jewish tradition.

Half the Christian Bible is, well, the Jewish Bible. Many of the most venerated figures in Christianity, from the Patriarchs to Jesus and the Apostles, were Jews — and so were the early Christians, inevitably. Christian discourse is littered with references to Jewish narratives, such as the Temple of Solomon or Noah's Ark. Christians knew that they worshiped the same God as Jews, unlike Muslims whom they misconstrued as pagans. Clearly Christians couldn't pretend they were foreign to Judaism, could they?

How did Christians involved in anti-Jewish violence rationalize their anti-Jewish behavior? Did they ever address that contradiction in any way?

You know how cell phones are blamed now for social isolation and selfishness, when it was print newspapers not too long ago, “distracting” from social conversation in public? Laptops are blamed for “ruining” books and kids not knowing how to write, and available sheets of paper were blamed on “ruining” slates with chalk?

What was it back in the 1700s? What did old men yell about back then?

I’ve seen some criticism of Dan Carlin’s work on multiple occasions on this sub. He identifies himself as a “fan of history” yet he seems to have a vast amount of knowledge across multiple subjects, far more than the average person. So, why does he fall short of being a historian? What qualities does one have to possess to be identified as a historian?

Let me clarify a few things: I am currently in the middle of the creative process of a future comic and, as a result of an idea, questions have arisen that you may be able to clarify for me: imagine a place that keeps all the knowledge acquired throughout the history of a people.

A place like that should stand out aesthetically for combining a lot of architectural styles; Well, I'm looking for a guide that shows me in a complete way what the main architectural innovations have been since the first temples began to be built to the most modern palaces.

In this way it could visually show the evolution of humanity.

What I ask for can come in any format: digital articles, videos or books, but preferably digital and easily accessible. thank you very much to all

In the 200s, Rome stopped recruiting officers exclusively from aristocratic families and began promoting officers from the ranks based on merit. This eventually led to a takeover of the army and civilian political posts by low-born men, often from the Balkans, and massively disenfranchised the Italian aristocratic class.

I know that the Illyrian emperors from this time are credited with reversing the crisis of the 3rd century, but my question is this: did the shift in power out of Italy and the reduction of Italian elites to an "idle, but immensely wealthy group of landowners" per wikipedia, have lasting effects on the Empire? Has anyone pointed to this as a point of breakdown in the Western Empire?

I don't know, it just seems like there might be a connection between all the people in Italy with wealth no longer having direct accountability for Rome's success and failure, and the political instability/disintegration in the West that followed.

Romans were familiar with India at this time but it seems unlikely that an Indian boat could have made its way around Africa and into the North Sea.

While it wouldn’t be that far to travel for an Inuit or another American Indian group to travel, it seems weird that the Romans would make the same mistake Columbus made in calling them Indians. What’s the story?